science

MEASAT Satellite Systems

MEASAT Satellite Systems is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand MEASAT Satellite Systems rather than just read about it. In short: MEASAT Satellite Systems Sdn. Bhd.

Key takeaways

MEASAT Satellite Systems belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect MEASAT Satellite Systems to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of MEASAT Satellite Systems from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

MEASAT Satellite Systems Sdn. Bhd. (formerly Binariang Satellite Systems Sdn. Bhd.) is a Malaysian communications satellite operator that owns and operates the MEASAT (Malaysia East Asia Satellite) and AFRICASAT spacecraft. The company provides satellite services to leading Malaysian broadcasters, Direct-To-Home (DTH) platforms, and telecom operators. With capacity across six communication satellites, the company provides satellite services to over 150 countries.

History

In 1993, Malaysia's Prime Minister, Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, called for the end of the Malaysian government's monopoly on communications services. He believed that the creation of privately owned companies could better serve Malaysia's communications needs in the decades ahead. One result of Mahathir's 1993 "Malaysia Plan" was the creation of the Binariang Sdn. Bhd. company by Malaysian tycoon Ananda Krishnan, which was given the charter to develop Malaysia's first satellite communications system. In 1994, Binariang signed a contract with Hughes Space and Communications Company (now Boeing Satellite Systems) for two Model 376 satellites. The project was named the "Malaysia East Asia Satellite" program, or "MEASAT" for short. The satellites opened the door to reliable telephone and data transmission services to all of Malaysia, helping to strengthen the unity between the peninsula and the island portions of the nation. The satellites also contributed greatly to the rapid growth of computer networking in Malaysia, as well as the creation of a new direct-to-home (DTH) satellite television service, called "Astro". Since the launch of MEASAT-1 and MEASAT-2 in 1996, the company has expanded its fleet to across six (6) geostationary satellites designed and built by Boeing Satellite Systems, Orbital Sciences Corporation, Loral Space & Communications, and Airbus Defence and Space.

MEASAT-1 (AFRICASAT-1) and MEASAT-2

As advanced Model 376 spacecraft, the MEASAT-1 and -2 satellites have three enhancements over the standard model. They were the first in the 376 series to be fitted with gallium arsenide solar cells, which deliver 40 percent more payload power as compared to their silicon predecessors. They were also the first Model 376s to use lightweight, high-gain shaped antenna. The satellites also used a more efficient bipropellant system for stationkeeping and attitude control maneuvers. Both MEASAT-1 & 2 satellites were launched on Ariane rockets from Centre Spatial Guyanais at Kourou in French Guiana. MEASAT-1 was launched in January 1996 and MEASAT-2 was launched in November 1996. MEASAT-1 was located in a geostationary orbit at 91.5 degrees East, and MEASAT-2 was located in a geostationary orbit at 148 degrees East. The contract with Hughes also called for the installation and testing of equipment for a satellite control station on Langkawi Island, and training of Malaysian spacecraft controllers. MEASAT 1 had five high-power transponders in Ku band for the direct-to-user service, powered by 112-watt traveling-wave tube amplifiers. The regional service to Malaysia was provided on 12 transponders in C band, using 12-watt solid state amplifiers. MEASAT-2 had 11 active transponders in Ku band. Eight of these use 95-watt traveling-wave amplifiers, and three have 62 watts. MEASAT-2 also had six active transponders in C band, powered by 12-watt solid-state amplifiers. In the latter part of 2009, MEASAT-1 was still functioning reliably beyond its planned 12 year life. With help from Boeing Satellite Systems, MEASAT drift relocated MEASAT-1 from its 91.5°E orbital location, across the Indian Ocean to provide service to the African continent from 46°E. In January 2010, MEASAT renamed MEASAT-1 as "AFRICASAT-1". The satellite was de-orbited and sent to a 'graveyard' orbit in April 2013 once it reached its end-of-life.

MEASAT-3

MEASAT-3 is a Boeing 601 HP spacecraft. It was launched on 12 December 2006 from Russia's Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. On 21 June 2021, MEASAT-3 had experienced an unidentified problem. MEASAT said on 6 August 2021 that it has chosen to deorbit the satellite.

MEASAT-3a

MEASAT-3a was constructed by Orbital Sciences Corporation under their Star-2 platform. It was launched on 21 June 2009 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

MEASAT-3b

MEASAT-3b was constructed by Airbus Defence and Space. It was launched on 12 September 2014 MYT from Centre Spatial Guyanais in French Guiana.

MEASAT-3d MEASAT-3d was constructed by Airbus Defence and Space. It was launched on 23 June 2022 along with a satellite made by NSIL and Tata Play, GSAT-24 onboard Ariane 5 ECA+ flight VA257 from ELA-3, Centre Spatial Guyanais.

References

Further reading Bigger, better and faster with Measat-3, The Star, 12 December 2006 ILS Proton Successfully Launches MEASAT-3 Satellite, BAIKONUR COSMODROME, Kazakhstan, 12 December 2006 Boeing Receives First Signal from New MEASAT-3 Satellite, ST. LOUIS, 12 December 2006 Measat 3 Interference, Telco Talk Malaysia, April 2007

External links MEASAT Satellite Systems Official Website MEASAT Official Facebook Page Boeing's Satellite Development Center MEASAT-3B launch date IMS Official provider's site AfricaSat 1 / MEASAT 1 Channels at Satepedia

Illustrations

MEASAT Satellite Systems: Technicians at Boeing's Space and Intelligence Systems satellite manufacturing facility in El Segundo, California, prepare the MEASAT-3 communications satellite — Technicians at Boeing's Space and Intelligence Systems satellite manufacturing facility in El Segundo, California, prepare the MEASAT-3 communications satellite

MEASAT Satellite Systems: Image of MEASAT-1 orbiting over Malaysia — Image of MEASAT-1 orbiting over Malaysia

MEASAT Satellite Systems: Image of MEASAT-3 orbiting over Malaysia — Image of MEASAT-3 orbiting over Malaysia

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with MEASAT Satellite Systems

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what MEASAT Satellite Systems claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to MEASAT Satellite Systems before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about MEASAT Satellite Systems ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of MEASAT Satellite Systems

In research: MEASAT Satellite Systems appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses MEASAT Satellite Systems in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: MEASAT Satellite Systems is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1992 establishments in Malaysia, Communications satellite operators, First artificial satellites of a country, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for MEASAT Satellite Systems outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study MEASAT Satellite Systems in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what MEASAT Satellite Systems means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain MEASAT Satellite Systems out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is MEASAT Satellite Systems in simple terms?

MEASAT Satellite Systems Sdn. Bhd.

Why does MEASAT Satellite Systems matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study MEASAT Satellite Systems?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on MEASAT Satellite Systems.