MGC50722

Key takeaways

MGC50722 belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect MGC50722 to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of MGC50722 from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

MGC50722, also known as uncharacterized protein LOC399693, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MGC50722 gene (Mammalian Gene Collection Project Gene 50722). This 965 amino acid human protein has a molecular weight of 104.495 kDa and one domain of unknown function (DUF390). Generally conserved across mammals, this quickly evolving gene shows relatively low expression in most human tissues except in the testis.

Gene The entire human gene is 40,364 base pairs in length, while the unprocessed mRNA is 25,960 base pairs long. After splicing of introns the 10 exon gene has a final mRNA length of 3,596 base pairs that encodes for 965 amino acids.

Locus Human MGC50722 is located on the minus strand of chromosome 9 in the region q34 of the human genome (NCBI Gene ID: 399693). The most characterized gene in this region of the human genome is GPSM1, which encodes the G-protein-signaling modulator 1 protein.

Homology and evolution

Paralogs It was found that the centrosome-associated protein 350 (CEP350) was the only possible paralog to protein MGC50722 in humans. CEP350 is a 3117 amino acid long protein and aligns with protein MGC50722 at its N-terminus. This indicates the paralog spacing is very distant for when MGC50722 split from CEP350.

Orthologs Compete orthologs for protein MGC50722 are found only in mammals, where most conservation is found within the N-terminus and DUF390.

Distant homologs The most distant homolog detectable is in cartilaginous fish (462.5 MYA).

Homologous domains The domain of unknown function 390 (pfam04094: DUF390) is part of a family of proteins that have only been identified within the rice genome. Although this domain's function is unknown, it may be some kind of transposable element.

Protein

Primary sequence and isoforms Human protein MGC50722 is 104.495 kDa, with an isoelectric point of 10.24. A mixed charged cluster of amino acids is present between positions 146 and 182, which seems to be conserved in primates, but not present in other mammals. There are also 6 predicted isoforms found in human.

Subcellualar localization signals PSORTII servers Archived 2021-09-06 at the Wayback Machine predict 5 nuclear localization signals in the human protein MGC50722. When ortholog sequences to the human protein were run through PSORT II, the predicted nuclear subcellular localization was a consensus prediction.

Post-translational modifications Human protein MGC50722 ortholog in mice, 4932418E24Rik protein, has experimentally determined phosphorylation sites at S588, S591, and S670 in the testis (pTestis ID: PT-MM-02686 Archived 2016-03-06 at the Wayback Machine). Prediction servers at ExPASy also predict more phosphorylation sites (NetPhos 2.0 Server), a N-terminal acetylation site (NetAcet 1.0 Server), glycation sites (NetGlycate 1.0 Server), and a GalNAc O-glycosylation site (NetOGlyc 4.0 Server) at conserved residues in the human MGC50722 protein.

Secondary structure Prediction models characterized protein MGC50722 as mostly disordered, but two regions of coiled-coils.

Protein internal structure and features

Potential function The function of protein MGC50722 is unknown. Given that it is preferentially expressed in the testis and appears to be subcellularly localized in the nucleus, it could play an important role in gamete cells.

Interacting proteins Due to the recent identification of this gene and its protein, interaction databases (MINT, STRING, IntAct, and BioGRID) have not identified any interactions. More data would expand the characterization of MGC50722.

Expression Expression levels of human MGC50722 appear to low/absent in most cell types, with the highest and most abundant expression shown to be in the testis (GEO Profile IDs: 48997768 and 49895282). A lung cancer study also showed that MGC50722 was expressed in CD4+ T-Cells of normal human tissue samples.

Promoter The transcriptional start site for MGC50722 aligns best with SPZ1, SORY, SP1F, and FAST transcription factor binding sites.

Clinical significance A significant GEO Profile relating to MGC50722 was a study done on male fertility in humans looking at the disease teratozoospermia (GEO Profile ID: 38113951). Teratozoospermia is a condition where during the development of mature sperm cells morphology is altered, thus leading to, in some cases, male infertility. Gene expression shows that in normal human subjects MGC50722 is expressed, while in subjects with teratozoospermia expression levels drop significantly or shut off.

References

Illustrations

MGC50722: Protein MGC50722 primary amino acid sequence and its internal features/structures. — Protein MGC50722 primary amino acid sequence and its internal features/structures.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with MGC50722

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what MGC50722 claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to MGC50722 before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about MGC50722 ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of MGC50722

In research: MGC50722 appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses MGC50722 in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: MGC50722 is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Genes on human chromosome 9, Human genes, Uncharacterized proteins, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for MGC50722 outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

How to study MGC50722 in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what MGC50722 means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain MGC50722 out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is MGC50722 in simple terms?

MGC50722, also known as uncharacterized protein LOC399693, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MGC50722 gene (Mammalian Gene Collection Project Gene 50722). This 965 amino acid human protein has a molecular weight of 104.495 kDa and one domain of unknown function (DUF390).

Why does MGC50722 matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study MGC50722?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on MGC50722.