astronomy

Ma Jinshuang

Ma Jinshuang is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Ma Jinshuang rather than just read about it. In short: Ma Jinshuang (Chinese: 马金双, born 1955) is a Chinese botanist who specializes in taxonomic literature, history of Chinese plants, and the conservation of rare and endangered species. He has been the research botanist and chief scientist at the China National Botanical Garden since 2020.

Key takeaways

Ma Jinshuang belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Ma Jinshuang to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Ma Jinshuang from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Ma Jinshuang (Chinese: 马金双, born 1955) is a Chinese botanist who specializes in taxonomic literature, history of Chinese plants, and the conservation of rare and endangered species. He has been the research botanist and chief scientist at the China National Botanical Garden since 2020.

Education and career Ma was born in 1955 in Changling County, Jilin, China. He first studied at the Northeast Forestry University, where he earned a bachelor's degree in forestry in 1982, later obtaining a master's degree in Dendrology in 1985. He then went to Beijing Medical University (now the Peking University Health Science Center), where he completed his PhD in Plant taxonomy in 1987. He then joined the Department of Biology of Beijing Normal University as a lecturer in the same year, obtaining full-professorship in 1994. From 1994 to 1995 he was concurrently director of the Scientific Research Office of Beijing Normal University. In 1995 Ma went to the Harvard University Herbarium as a visiting scholar, in 2001, he became a researcher in plant taxonomy at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden in the United States. He was appointed professor and chief scientist at the Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences in the Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden between 2018 and 2020, he was then appointed as research botanist and Chief Scientist at the China National Botanical Garden in 2020.

Research and editorial roles Ma's research interests include the taxonomy of specific plant groups like Aristolochiaceae (Aristolochia family), Celastraceae (Euonymus family), and Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbia family), as well as the natural history of the Metasequoia (dawn redwood). Additionally, He has made contributions to the study of invasive and naturalized floras in China and North America. He has also played important roles in projects on the naturalization and invasive character of plant species in China. His taxonomic contributions includes revisions of plant genera such as Aristolochia, Euonymus, and Euphorbia. Ma serves on the board of Plant Diversity at the Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences since 2020.

Notes

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Ma Jinshuang

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Ma Jinshuang claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Ma Jinshuang before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Ma Jinshuang ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Ma Jinshuang

In research: Ma Jinshuang appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Ma Jinshuang in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Ma Jinshuang is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1955 births, 20th-century Chinese botanists, 21st-century Chinese botanists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Ma Jinshuang outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Ma Jinshuang in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Ma Jinshuang means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Ma Jinshuang out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Ma Jinshuang in simple terms?

Why does Ma Jinshuang matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Ma Jinshuang?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Ma Jinshuang.