The Madrasa of Granada (Spanish: Madraza de Granada) also known as the Palacio de la Madraza or the Madrasa Yusufiyya (Arabic: المدرسة اليوسفية), is a historic building and former madrasa in Granada, Spain. It was founded in 1349 by the Nasrid monarch Yusuf I, Sultan of Granada. The building is currently part of the University of Granada and is the seat of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de Nuestra Señora de las Angustias ("Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Our Lady of Sorrows"). It is located on the street now known as Calle Oficios. The madrasa was built at the heart of the city, near the main mosque (now the site of the Granada Cathedral) and the Alcaicería, then the elite bazaar where silk, gold, linen and other cloth were traded.
History
Nasrid period The madrasa was founded in 1349 CE by Yusuf I, the Nasrid emir of Granada at the time. Madrasas were a type of Islamic institution newly introduced to the region at that time, having originated in Seljuk Iran in the 11th century and then spread progressively west. Madrasas then appeared first in the late 13th century in Marinid-ruled Morocco, where many were built around this period (e.g. the Madrasa as-Saffarin and the Madrasa al-Attarin in Fes), possibly influencing the design of the Nasrid madrasa in turn. The Madrasa of Yusuf I is the only major one known to have been built in al-Andalus. (The only other known madrasa in the country was a smaller, private madrasa built earlier in Malaga.) As with most madrasas in other cities, the Nasrid Madrasa was built next to the city's main mosque.The motivation to build such an institution was to train and educate new scholars (who could then also serve as state bureaucrats), attract important existing scholars, and to enhance the Nasrid rulers' own prestige and reputation as pious Muslims. The main focus of education was normally Islamic law, Arabic grammar, and related subjects. Ibn Marzuq notably taught here in 1354. Ibn al-Khatib was also an early student here; among his teachers were Ibn al-Fajjar, Ibn Marzuq, and Ibn al-Hajj (language and law), Ibn al-Hakam, the poet Ibn al-Jayyab (rhetoric), and Sheikh Yahya ibn Hudayl (medicine and philosophy).
Christian Spanish period After the Spanish conquest of Granada (1492), the Madrasa continued to operate until late 1499 or early 1500, as per the terms of the Treaty of Granada (1491) in which the sultan Boabdil of the Emirate of Granada surrendered to the Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella. However, subsequent events in Granada drastically changed archbishop Hernando de Talavera's benign proselytizing methods. In 1499, an uprising by Muslims in the region of Alpujarras paved the way for Gonzalo Jimenez de Cisneros, as inquisitor-general, to intervene in Talavera's diocese. Following this, the 1491 Treaty of Granada was unilaterally declared null and void by Isabella and Ferdinand's government. Cisneros took advantage of the situation to assault the Madrasa, the contents of whose library was brought to the plaza of Bib-Rambla and burned in a public bonfire. Once pillaged and closed, the building was designated in 1500 by Ferdinand II to be the new Casa del Cabildo (city hall). Most of the original madrasa structure was demolished between 1722 and 1729 and replaced with a new baroque building, designed by José de Bada, to house the city hall. In 1858, the town hall moved to the Plaza del Carmen, and the building was sold to be used as a textile warehouse. Two years later, the principal inscription of the Mihrab was discovered. There was also some fire damage in this era; the Echeverría family, owners of the building, hired Rafael Contreras, the same architect who restored the Alhambra, to undertake repairs and restorations. The city bought back the building in the early 20th century, leading to further restoration work in 1939. There was an unsuccessful attempt in 1942 to turn the building into the seat of a new Instituto de los Reyes Católicos del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas ("Catholic Monarchs Institute of the Superior Council of Scientific Investigations"). In 1976, the building became part of the University of Granada.
Curriculum of the Madrasa Among the subjects taught were theology, law, medicine, astronomy, logic, mathematics including geometry, and mechanics. Ibn Hazm (Fisal) gives us some indication of the curriculum of the "Andalusian school of philosophy": "Consecrate the first fruits of your intelligence to mathematics and begin your scientific education by his deep study of the properties of numbers. Then gradually pass to consider the position of the stars, the apparent shape of the celestial sphere, how to verify the passage of the sun, moon and five planets (…) all other phenomena and accidents physical and atmospheric. Add to this the reading of certain books of the Greeks in which they determine the laws governing discursive reasoning."
Architecture
… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.
