engineering

Magnetically controlled shunt reactor

Magnetically controlled shunt reactor is a engineering topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Magnetically controlled shunt reactor rather than just read about it. In short: In electrical engineering, a magnetically-controlled shunt reactor (MCSR, CSR) represents electrotechnical equipment purposed for compensation of reactive power and stabilization of voltage level in high voltage (HV) electric networks rated for voltage classes 36 – 750 kV. MCSR is a shunt-type static device with smooth regulation by means of inductive reactance.

Key takeaways

Magnetically controlled shunt reactor belongs to engineering; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Magnetically controlled shunt reactor to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Magnetically controlled shunt reactor from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

In electrical engineering, a magnetically-controlled shunt reactor (MCSR, CSR) represents electrotechnical equipment purposed for compensation of reactive power and stabilization of voltage level in high voltage (HV) electric networks rated for voltage classes 36 – 750 kV. MCSR is a shunt-type static device with smooth regulation by means of inductive reactance.

History In 2002, The first Controlled Shunt Reactor (CSR) was developed by Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited. The first such device was commissioned at Power Grid's 400 kV Itarsi substation in Madhya Pradesh.

Purpose Magnetically-controlled shunt reactors are intended for automatic control over reactive power and stabilization of voltage levels; these ensure the following:

Elimination of daily and seasonal voltage variations in the power network; Improvement of electric power quality; Optimization and automation of power network operating modes; Reduction of electric power losses within its transmission and distribution; Improvement of power system stability; Enhancement of the conditions of operation in tens of times and prolongation of service life of the electric equipment by virtue of dynamic shortcut of switchings of uncontrolled devices for reactive power compensation as well as limitation of operation of less reliable devices – OLTC, transformers and autotransformers Increasing of transmission line throughput performance and provision of reliable automatic control over voltage levels at power overflows close to limit values as referred to static stability; Avoiding of voltage collapse effect at emergency situations in the power network (for example, emergency trip of load, generator, transmission line, etc.; Assurance of operating conditions for power plant generators in such reaction power generation range which assist to the most favorable operating modes.

Field of application On the assumption of tasks to be solved by MCSRs, as well as with consideration of existing experience of their operation, application field of controlled reactors covers (but not limited) the following areas of the power networks:

networks with abrupt-changed load curves; networks with worn-out switching and transformer equipment been used frequently for regulation of voltage levels; networks made using long-length transits, which tend to frequent variation of power flows’ value and/or direction; networks for power supply of the consumers with enhanced demand of voltage stability; networks with increased losses; networks having operating mode, which does not allow to provide permissible load of the generators as referred to reactive power. Ample opportunities of MCSRs ensure expediency of their application for different voltage classes. Furthermore, expected effect could be shown up both at the level of local area consumer’s grids, and at solving the primary tasks of the national power system as a whole. In the context of building-up of the market relations in the electric energy sector and increase of investments for development of power networks, MCSRs offer certain benefits:

at the level of feeding and distribution electric networks, MCSRs ensure significant reduction of electric power losses and increase of profits of system operator and distribution companies, respectively; as referred to electric power consumers, MCSRs are installed for the purpose of reduction of the charges to be paid for consumed reactive power (maintaining of cos (ɸ)), ensuring the required voltage quality at the point of final customers, as well as in the capacity of required measures for connection of new capacities to the network.

Operating principle A magnetically-controlled shunt reactor is a transformer-type device which additionally provides functions of semiconducting key apparatus; this is ensured by means of reactor magnetic system operation in the domain of deep saturation. The basing principle allowed optimal employment of existing designs both in transformer production industry, and in the field of power electronics. Magnetic system of MCSR single phase includes two cores with windings, vertical and horizontal yokes. Control windings with opposite connection and power windings with series (accordant) connection are arranged on CST magnetic system cores. MCSR magnetic system cores are free from nonmagnetic gaps, and owing to this effect in case of the reactor connection to the network it will be in no-load condition. Herewith, the value of reactive power consumed from the grid will not exceed 3% of nominal magnitude. To increase reactor load as for reactive power, its operating range should be offset to non-linear area of hysteresis characteristic; and this is achieved for the account of additional biasing of magnetic system. At connection of regulated dc voltage source to the control windings, increase of the bias flux is ensured. Due to the fact that ac flow of power winding is superimposed on the bias flux, the net flux is offset to the saturation domain of magnetic system cores. Respectively, saturation of the cores is resulted in occurrence of current in the power winding. In case of energy input to or output from the control circuit, the transient process of increase or decrease of network current and, respectively, of reactive power consumed by reactor is ensured.

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Illustrations

Magnetically controlled shunt reactor: Simplified MCSR connection diagram — Simplified MCSR connection diagram

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Magnetically controlled shunt reactor

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Magnetically controlled shunt reactor claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In engineering, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Magnetically controlled shunt reactor before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Magnetically controlled shunt reactor ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Magnetically controlled shunt reactor

In research: Magnetically controlled shunt reactor appears in engineering research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Magnetically controlled shunt reactor in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Magnetically controlled shunt reactor is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Electric power transmission, Electrical engineering, Indian inventions, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Magnetically controlled shunt reactor outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study Magnetically controlled shunt reactor in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Magnetically controlled shunt reactor means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Magnetically controlled shunt reactor out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Magnetically controlled shunt reactor in simple terms?

Why does Magnetically controlled shunt reactor matter?

Because it connects several engineering ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Magnetically controlled shunt reactor?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Magnetically controlled shunt reactor.