biology

Malassezia arunalokei

Malassezia arunalokei is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Malassezia arunalokei rather than just read about it. In short: Malassezia arunalokei is a species of yeast-like fungus that was identified as a new to science in 2016. It has been isolated from the skin of both seborrheic dermatitis patients and healthy individuals from India.

Key takeaways

Malassezia arunalokei belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Malassezia arunalokei to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Malassezia arunalokei from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Malassezia arunalokei is a species of yeast-like fungus that was identified as a new to science in 2016. It has been isolated from the skin of both seborrheic dermatitis patients and healthy individuals from India. A combination of several phenotypic characteristics distinguish this species from others in genus Malassezia. These include: colony morphology (when grown on nutrient agar); the absence of activity from the enzyme catalase; growth at 37 °C (99 °F); and the precipitation that results when grown with the chemicals Tween 20 or Cremophor EL. The type strain is NCCPF 127130 (housed at the National Culture Collection of Pathogenic Fungi in New Delhi), which was isolated from the scalp of an individual with seborrheic dermatitis in Chandigarh, India. The most closely related fungus is M. restricta, but the two internal transcribed spacer DNA sequences of these species differ by 6.4%, which meets the generally accepted criteria for genetic distinctiveness. The species epithet arunalokei honors Indian mycologist Arunaloke Chakrabarti, "for his numerous contributions to the development of medical mycology in India and Asia". In later studies, methods were introduced to detect this species using the mass spectroscopy technique known as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF), as well as using polymerase chain reaction sequencing directly from clinical samples. Using the latter technique, the fungus was identified for the first time from an individual in Iran.

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Malassezia arunalokei

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Malassezia arunalokei claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Malassezia arunalokei before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Malassezia arunalokei ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Malassezia arunalokei

In research: Malassezia arunalokei appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Malassezia arunalokei in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Malassezia arunalokei is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Fungi described in 2016, Fungi of India, Fungi of Iran, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Malassezia arunalokei outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Malassezia arunalokei in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Malassezia arunalokei means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Malassezia arunalokei out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Malassezia arunalokei in simple terms?

Why does Malassezia arunalokei matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Malassezia arunalokei?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Malassezia arunalokei.