astronomy

Malcolm Hartley

Malcolm Hartley is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Malcolm Hartley rather than just read about it. In short: Malcolm Hartley[mælkəm hɑːtli] (born 15 February 1947, Bury, Greater Manchester) is an English-born astronomer and a discoverer of minor planets and comets, who works with the UK Schmidt Telescope at the Siding Spring Observatory in Australia. Career Hartley is best known for his discovery and co-discovery of 10 comets since the 1980s, among them 79P/du Toit-Hartley, 80P/Peters–Hartley, 100P/Hartley, 110P/Hartley, a…

Key takeaways

Malcolm Hartley belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Malcolm Hartley to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Malcolm Hartley from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Malcolm Hartley[mælkəm hɑːtli] (born 15 February 1947, Bury, Greater Manchester) is an English-born astronomer and a discoverer of minor planets and comets, who works with the UK Schmidt Telescope at the Siding Spring Observatory in Australia.

Career

Hartley is best known for his discovery and co-discovery of 10 comets since the 1980s, among them 79P/du Toit-Hartley, 80P/Peters–Hartley, 100P/Hartley, 110P/Hartley, and C/1984 W2. Unfortunately for Hartley, in 2002, "the Anglo-Australian Observatory retrofitted its Schmidt to perform multi-object spectroscopy, essentially halting all astrophotography with the telescope and ending any future possibility for comet discovery". In November 2010, he visited NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory facility in California to witness the EPOXI mission flyby of comet 103P/Hartley on 4 November 2010. Hartley is credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovery of 3 asteroids made at the Siding Spring Observatory between 1996 and 1998, with (21374) 1997 WS22 and (65674) 1988 SM being near-Earth objects of the Amor group of asteroids.

Awards and honours The outer main-belt asteroid 4768 Hartley was named in his honour, being deputy astronomer of the UK Schmidt Telescope at Siding Spring, with which this minor planet was discovered. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 27 June 1991 (M.P.C. 18464).

See also List of minor planet discoverers § M. Hartley

References

External links Meet Malcolm Hartley, Discoverer of Comet Hartley 2, STARDUST-NExT, Jet Propulsion Laboratory "Epoxi.umd.edu". Archived from the original on 21 March 2009. Retrieved 14 January 2018. Mmbenya.com

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Malcolm Hartley

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Malcolm Hartley claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Malcolm Hartley before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Malcolm Hartley ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Malcolm Hartley

In research: Malcolm Hartley appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Malcolm Hartley in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Malcolm Hartley is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1947 births, 20th-century British astronomers, 21st-century Australian astronomers, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Malcolm Hartley outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Malcolm Hartley in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Malcolm Hartley means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Malcolm Hartley out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Malcolm Hartley in simple terms?

Why does Malcolm Hartley matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Malcolm Hartley?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Malcolm Hartley.