chemistry

María Michelsen de López

María Michelsen de López is a chemistry topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand María Michelsen de López rather than just read about it. In short: María Michelsen de López (née Michelsen Lombana; February 17, 1890 - January 22, 1949) was a Colombian scientist and philanthropist who served as first lady of Colombia from 1934 to 1938 and again from 1942 to 1945 as the wife of President Alfonso López Pumarejo. She and María Cristina Arango are the only two women in Colombian history who were both married to a president and the mother of a president.

Key takeaways

María Michelsen de López belongs to chemistry; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect María Michelsen de López to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of María Michelsen de López from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

María Michelsen de López (née Michelsen Lombana; February 17, 1890 - January 22, 1949) was a Colombian scientist and philanthropist who served as first lady of Colombia from 1934 to 1938 and again from 1942 to 1945 as the wife of President Alfonso López Pumarejo. She and María Cristina Arango are the only two women in Colombian history who were both married to a president and the mother of a president. She was the second person to serve in this role during two non-consecutive terms in Colombia's history after Soledad Román de Núñez. Michelsen de López was the first First Lady with a university degree. She was also notable for being the first to be called First Lady. Defender of the rights of orphans, she was the co-founder of several shelters in Bogotá.

Early life Maria Michelsen Lombana was born into a prestigious family of merchants and bankers. She was the daughter of scientist Carlos María Michelsen Uribe and his wife, Antonia Lombana Buendía y Barreneche. Her father was the son of a Danish Jewish immigrant, Karl Michelsen Koppel, who, in turn, was related to the German industrialists Kopp Koppel, founders of the Bavaria brewery. Michelsen was the first Danish consul in Colombia following his commercial success in his native country.

First Lady of Colombia (1934-1938 & 1942-1945) María Michelsen de López's husband, Alfonso López Pumarejo, was elected president of Colombia in 1934, to succeed fellow liberal Enrique Olaya Herrera. María was the first woman to carry the title of first lady of the nation in Colombia, despite the fact that the figure already existed (tacitly) since the time of the republic with Simón Bolívar. From that moment on, the wife of the president of the day began to gain greater social importance. María Michelsen de López co-founded, with Clemencia Holguín de Urdaneta, Tulia Umaña de Vargas, Jorge Bejarano, Emilio de Brigard Ortiz, Manuel Casabianca, José Antonio León Rey, Jorge Obando, and Manuel Antonio Suárez Hoyos, shelter for Abandoned Children, which was inaugurated on November 22, 1934.

References

External links

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with María Michelsen de López

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what María Michelsen de López claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In chemistry, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to María Michelsen de López before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about María Michelsen de López ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of María Michelsen de López

In research: María Michelsen de López appears in chemistry research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses María Michelsen de López in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: María Michelsen de López is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1890 births, 1949 deaths, 20th-century Colombian civil servants, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for María Michelsen de López outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study María Michelsen de López in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what María Michelsen de López means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain María Michelsen de López out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is María Michelsen de López in simple terms?

Why does María Michelsen de López matter?

Because it connects several chemistry ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study María Michelsen de López?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on María Michelsen de López.