biology

Marcus Raichle

Marcus Raichle is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Marcus Raichle rather than just read about it. In short: Marcus E. Raichle (born March 15, 1937) is an American neurologist at the Washington University School of Medicine in St.

Key takeaways

Marcus Raichle belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Marcus Raichle to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Marcus Raichle from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Marcus E. Raichle (born March 15, 1937) is an American neurologist at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. He is a professor in the Department of Radiology with joint appointments in Neurology, Neurobiology and Biomedical Engineering. His research over the past 40 years has focused on the nature of functional brain imaging signals arising from PET and fMRI and the application of these techniques to the study of the human brain in health and disease. He received the Kavli Prize in Neuroscience "for the discovery of specialized brain networks for memory and cognition", together with Brenda Milner and John O'Keefe in 2014.

Career Noteworthy accomplishments of Marcus Raichle include the discovery of the relative independence of blood flow and oxygen consumption during changes in brain activity which provided the physiological basis of fMRI; the discovery of a default mode network of brain function (i.e., organized intrinsic activity) and its signature system, the brain's default mode network; and, the discovery that aerobic glycolysis contributes to brain function independent of oxidative phosphorylation.

Honors Member: National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Medicine, American Academy of Arts and Sciences Foreign member: The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters Fellow: American Association for the Advancement of Science

Awards In 2001, he was a co-recipient of a Grawemeyer Award in Psychology, with Michael Posner and Steven Petersen of the University of Louisville. In 2010, he was awarded the Metlife Foundation Award for Medical Research in Alzheimer's Disease along with Randy Buckner, and the Ariëns Kappers Medal from the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2014, he was a co-recipient of the Kavli Prize in Neuroscience, awarded by the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, with Brenda Milner of the Montreal Neurological Institute at McGill University and John O'Keefe of University College London.

Selected publications

Zhang, D; Snyder AZ; Shimony JS; Fox MD; Raichle ME (2010). "Noninvasive functional and structural connectivity mapping of the human thalamocortical system". Cerebral Cortex. 20 (5): 1187–1194. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp182. PMC 2852505. PMID 19729393. Fair DA, Bathula D, Mills KL, Costa Dias TG, Blythe MS, Zhang D, Snyder AZ, Raichle ME, Stevens AA, Nigg JT, Nagel BJ (2010). "thalamocortical functional connectivity across development". Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience. 4: 1–10. doi:10.3389/fnsys.2010.00010. PMC 2876871. PMID 20514143. He, BJ; Zempel JM; Snyder AZ; Raichle ME (2010). "The temporal structures and functional significance of scale-free brain activity". Neuron. 66 (3): 353–369. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.04.020. PMC 2878725. PMID 20471349. Raichle, ME (2010). "Two views of brain function". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 14 (4): 180–190. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.01.008. PMID 20206576. S2CID 15157559. Raichle, ME (2010). "The brain's dark energy". Scientific American. 302 (3): 28–33. Bibcode:2010SciAm.302c..44R. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0310-44. PMID 20184182. Paul, BM; Snyder AZ; Haist F; Raichle ME; Bellugi U; Stiles J (2009). "Amygdala response to faces parallels social behavior in Williams syndrome". Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. 4 (3): 278–285. doi:10.1093/scan/nsp023. PMC 2728637. PMID 19633063. Zhang, D; Raichle ME (2010). "Disease and the brain's dark energy". Nature Reviews Neurology. 6 (1): 15–28. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.198. PMID 20057496. S2CID 3337847. Sheline, YI; Raichle ME; Snyder AZ; Morris JC; Head D; Wang S. Mintun MA (2010). "Amyloid plaques disrupt resting state default mode network connectivity in cognitively normal elderly". J. Biological Psychiatry. 67 (6): 584–587. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.08.024. PMC 2829379. PMID 19833321. Raichle, ME (2009). "A paradigm shift in functional brain imaging". Journal of Neuroscience. 29 (41): 12729–12734. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4366-09.2009. PMC 6665302. PMID 19828783. White, BR; Snyder AZ; Cohen AL; Petersen SE; Raichle ME; Schlaggar BL; Culver JP (2009). "Resting-state functional connectivity in the human brain revealed with diffuse optical tomography". NeuroImage. 47 (1): 148–156. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.03.058. PMC 2699418. PMID 19344773. He, BJ; Raichle ME (2009). "The fMRI signal, slow cortical potentials and consciousness". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 13 (7): 302–309. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.04.004. PMC 2855786. PMID 19535283.

References

External links

Official website

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Marcus Raichle

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Marcus Raichle claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Marcus Raichle before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Marcus Raichle ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Marcus Raichle

In research: Marcus Raichle appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Marcus Raichle in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Marcus Raichle is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1937 births, 20th-century American medical doctors, 21st-century American medical doctors, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Marcus Raichle outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Marcus Raichle in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Marcus Raichle means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Marcus Raichle out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Marcus Raichle in simple terms?

Marcus E. Raichle (born March 15, 1937) is an American neurologist at the Washington University School of Medicine in St.

Why does Marcus Raichle matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Marcus Raichle?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Marcus Raichle.