Margaret Jessie Chung (Chinese: 張瑪珠, (1889-10-02)October 2, 1889 – (1959-01-05)January 5, 1959), born in Santa Barbara, California, was the first known American-born Chinese female physician. After graduating from the University of Southern California Medical School in 1916 and completing her internship and residency in Illinois, she established one of the first Western medical clinics in San Francisco's Chinatown in the early 1920s.
Early life Chung was born in Santa Barbara, the eldest of eleven children. At the time of her birth, the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act was at its strongest. Her parents were born in China and were involved with Presbyterian Church missionaries, which significantly influenced their choices and Chung's early life. Her father, Chung Wong, was the foreman of the Rancho Guadalasca in Ventura County. Her mother, Ah Yane, also emigrated from China to California in the 1870s where she spent time in a mission home before working in agriculture and sometimes as a court interpreter. Her parents were denied U.S. citizenship, and faced difficulty finding work. The family moved to Los Angeles by 1902. Chung's father eventually died from injuries sustained in a car accident after being denied care at hospitals. She supported the family and helped to raise her younger siblings from the age of ten, disrupting her schooling. In 1905, Chung was noted in the Los Angeles Herald as a promising student and for her planned future career as a newspaper reporter. She was noted in the Herald again in 1906 for her poem "Missionary Giving," delivered at the eighteenth anniversary of the Los Angeles Congregational Chinese mission. Chung wrote and delivered a paper entitled "Comparisons of Chinese and American Costumes" at the first anniversary of the Pasadena Congregational mission in 1907. By that fall, when she was 17, Chung had graduated from the eighth grade at the Seventh Street School and enrolled in the preparatory school at USC, being hailed as a "bright particular star" of the women's gymnasium class. In 1910, Chung won second place in a speech contest.
Women of every nation, every country, should learn medicine, so that they can teach the women of their countries and their races how to care for themselves and their children—how to improve the coming generation. Chung won a Los Angeles Times scholarship to study at USC by selling newspaper subscriptions to raise funds for her education and worked her way through college as a waitress, a seller of surgical instruments, and by winning cash prizes in several speech contests. In 1909, Chung graduated from USC. Chung enrolled in medical school in 1911, according to a 1914 profile that noted her belief that she was "the first Chinese girl to enter a medical school in this state." Chung took on a different identity, going by "Mike" and dressed in a long blazer, shirt, and tie. Chung was raised Presbyterian.
Professional career
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