astronomy

Margaret Hannah Fulford

Margaret Hannah Fulford is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Margaret Hannah Fulford rather than just read about it. In short: Margaret Hannah Fulford (June 14, 1904 – November 28, 1999) was an American bryologist who was active in identifying the flora of North and South America. The standard author abbreviation Fulford is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Key takeaways

Margaret Hannah Fulford belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Margaret Hannah Fulford to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Margaret Hannah Fulford from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Margaret Hannah Fulford (June 14, 1904 – November 28, 1999) was an American bryologist who was active in identifying the flora of North and South America. The standard author abbreviation Fulford is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Biography Fulford was born on June 14, 1904, in Cincinnati, Ohio. She subsequently attended the University of Cincinnati. She earned her BA in botany in 1926, BE in education in 1927, and returned for her MA in botany working under Emma Lucy Braun in 1928. She then attended Yale University to obtain her doctorate under Alexander William Evans, which she accomplished in 1935. Meanwhile, she worked at the University of Cincinnati as a botany instructor from 1927 to 1940. She became assistant professor in 1940, associate professor in 1946, professor in 1954, and professor emerita in 1974. She remained with the university until her death. Fulford's focus was on morphology, ecology, and systematics of leafy hepatics. She intensely studied the reproduction and life cycle of the Hepaticae. She was a leading member of the Sullivant Moss Society, and was curator of the group's hepatics herbarium. Fulford was also a prominent bryology instructor at the University of Michigan Biological Station. Fulford's work was published in journals such as The Bryologist, American Midland Naturalist, Ohio Journal of Science, Annales Bryologici, Lloydia, Torreya, Revue Bryologie et Lichenologique, and the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. Throughout her career, she published over 70 scholarly articles.

Legacy The Margaret H. Fulford Herbarium at the University of Cincinnati was founded by her in the early 1920s, for which she remained as curator for most of her career. Her personal collection of liverworts is housed within the herbarium. In 1992, botanist Stephan Robbert Gradstein published Fulfordianthus, which is a genus of liverworts in the family Lejeuneaceae. It is found in central and southern America, and named in Fulford's honour.

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Margaret Hannah Fulford

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Margaret Hannah Fulford claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Margaret Hannah Fulford before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Margaret Hannah Fulford ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Margaret Hannah Fulford

In research: Margaret Hannah Fulford appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Margaret Hannah Fulford in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Margaret Hannah Fulford is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1904 births, 1999 deaths, 20th-century American botanists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Margaret Hannah Fulford outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Margaret Hannah Fulford in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Margaret Hannah Fulford means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Margaret Hannah Fulford out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Margaret Hannah Fulford in simple terms?

Why does Margaret Hannah Fulford matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Margaret Hannah Fulford?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Margaret Hannah Fulford.