biology

Marguerite Champendal

Marguerite Champendal is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Marguerite Champendal rather than just read about it. In short: Marguerite Champendal (1870-1928) was a Swiss doctor and educator. She was the first woman from Geneva to obtain a doctorate in medicine at the University of Geneva (1900).

Key takeaways

Marguerite Champendal belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Marguerite Champendal to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Marguerite Champendal from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Marguerite Champendal (1870-1928) was a Swiss doctor and educator. She was the first woman from Geneva to obtain a doctorate in medicine at the University of Geneva (1900). Champendal founded a center for distributing pasteurized milk for infants there, as well as an acclaimed nursing school.

Biography Champendal was born on 2 June 1870 in Petit-Saconnex, a neighborhood in Geneva, Switzerland. She was the third child of pastor Jacques Henri Samuel Champendal and Christine Elisabeth Roch. Champendal taught in Paris and Berlin, and then, against the will of her family, began medical studies in Geneva. In 1900 she became the first woman from that city to obtain a doctorate in medicine in 1900. (While 34 other women also obtained a doctorate at the same time, none were from the city of Geneva.) Her doctoral thesis was titled, Des varices congénitales (Congenital varicose veins). In Geneva, she was a contemporary of Dr. Henriette Saloz-Joudra (1855–1928), who had earned her medical degree in 1883 at the University of Geneva and became the first woman to open her own private medical practice in the city.

Medical practice After graduation, she practiced in the popular districts of the city. Based on what she had seen during a previous visit to Paris, a project by Doctor Gaston Variot called the Drop of Milk (La Goutte de Lait), Champendal created her own center in Geneva (by the same name) in 1901. There she arranged for the distribution of pasteurized milk for infants and as well as consultation services to help young mothers. To further help the mothers, in 1916, she published the Little Manual for Mothers with guidance for women with babies. In 1905, having already spent one and a half years tending to women giving birth, she formed the school of nursing, Le Bon Secours. She directed the school until her early death in 1928. Champendal is remembered there as "a visionary and deeply modern woman." She was a private doctor at the medical school from 1913 to 1919. In 1918, Champendal earned professional status at the University of Geneva, the first woman to do so.

Death Dr. Champendal died on 25 October 1928 in Geneva at 58, from a cardiac arrest.

Honors In Geneva, a street bears her name, Chemin Doctoresse Champendal.

References

External links The Fruits of Grace: https://books.google.com/books?id=WMuuDgAAQBAJ&dq=Marguerite+Champendal&pg=PA8

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Marguerite Champendal

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Marguerite Champendal claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Marguerite Champendal before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Marguerite Champendal ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Marguerite Champendal

In research: Marguerite Champendal appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Marguerite Champendal in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Marguerite Champendal is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1870 births, 1928 deaths, 20th-century Swiss educators, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Marguerite Champendal outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Marguerite Champendal in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Marguerite Champendal means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Marguerite Champendal out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Marguerite Champendal in simple terms?

Marguerite Champendal (1870-1928) was a Swiss doctor and educator. She was the first woman from Geneva to obtain a doctorate in medicine at the University of Geneva (1900).

Why does Marguerite Champendal matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Marguerite Champendal?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Marguerite Champendal.