biology

Maria Farinha Formation

Maria Farinha Formation is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Maria Farinha Formation rather than just read about it. In short: The Maria Farinha Formation is a geological formation of the Parnaíba Basin in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil whose strata date back to the Danian stage of the Paleocene, or Tiupampan in the SALMA classification. The formation comprising limestones, dolomites, marly and sandy limestones has been deposited in a shallow marine platform environment.

Key takeaways

Maria Farinha Formation belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Maria Farinha Formation to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Maria Farinha Formation from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The Maria Farinha Formation is a geological formation of the Parnaíba Basin in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil whose strata date back to the Danian stage of the Paleocene, or Tiupampan in the SALMA classification. The formation comprising limestones, dolomites, marly and sandy limestones has been deposited in a shallow marine platform environment. The formation has provided fossils of reptiles and fish.

Description The Maria Farinha Formation crops out in the Parnaíba Basin in the northeastern state of Pernambuco of Brazil. The formation registers the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary at the base of the formation, where it overlies the Maastrichtian Gramame Formation. The 14 metres (46 ft) thick formation is overlain by the Eocene Tambaba Formation which is overlain by the Plio-Pleistocene Barreiras Formation.

Fossil content The following fossils were reported from the formation:

Reptiles Turtles Inaechelys pernambucensis Tethysuchians Guarinisuchus munizi Hyposaurus derbianus Dyrosauridae indet. Fish Chondrichthyes Apocopodon sericeus Cretolamna appendiculata C. biauriculata C. serrata Hexanchus microdon Myliobatis dixoni Rhinoptera prisca R. studeri Squalicorax kaupi S. pristodontus Synodonstaspis sp.

See also

References

Bibliography Sena, M. V. A.; Andrade, R. C. L. P.; Bantim, R. A. M.; Sayão, J. M.; Barbosa, J. A.; Oliveira, G. R. (2017), "New dyrosaurid remains (Crocodyliformes, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Paleocene of the Paraíba Basin, NE Brazil", Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 20 (3): 345–354, doi:10.4072/rbp.2017.3.06 De Araújo Carvalho, Anny Rafaela; Ghilardi, Aline Marcele; Franca Barreto, Alcina Magnólia (2016), "A new side-neck turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Early Paleocene (Danian) Maria Farinha Formation, Paraíba Basin, Brazil", Zootaxa, 4126 (4): 491–513, doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4126.4.3, PMID 27395602, retrieved 2017-08-15 Ribeiro de Santana, Felipe; Cicimurri, David J.; Barbosa, José Antonio (2011), "New material of Apocopodon sericeus cope, 1886 (myliobatiformes, myliobatidae) from the Paraíba Basin (Northeastern Brazil), and South Carolina (USA) with a reanalysis of the species", PalArch's Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology, 8: 1–20, retrieved 2020-06-14 Barbosa, J. A.; Kellner, A. W. A.; Viana, M. S. S. (2008), "New dyrosaurid crocodylomorph and evidences for faunal turnover at the K–P transition in Brazil", Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 275 (1641): 1385–1391, doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.0110, PMC 2602706, PMID 18364311, retrieved 2020-06-14 Silva, E. M.; Gallo, V.; Quintans, A. P.; Azevedo, S. A. K. (2002), "New occurrence of Myliobatiformes (Chondrichthyes: Batoidea) in the Maria Farinha Formation, Paleocene of the Pernambuco-Paraiba Basin, Northeastern Brazil", Boletim do Museu Nacional, 65: 1–11 Cope, E.D (1885), "A contribution to the vertebrate paleontology of Brazil", Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 23: 1–21

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Maria Farinha Formation

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Maria Farinha Formation claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Maria Farinha Formation before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Maria Farinha Formation ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Maria Farinha Formation

In research: Maria Farinha Formation appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Maria Farinha Formation in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Maria Farinha Formation is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Danian Stage, Dolomite formations, Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of South America, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Maria Farinha Formation outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Maria Farinha Formation in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Maria Farinha Formation means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Maria Farinha Formation out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Maria Farinha Formation in simple terms?

Why does Maria Farinha Formation matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Maria Farinha Formation?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Maria Farinha Formation.