science

Marie Phisalix

Marie Phisalix is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Marie Phisalix rather than just read about it. In short: Marie Félicie Phisalix (née Picot) (20 November 1861 — 18 January 1946) was a French scientist who researched snake venom and antidotes. She was awarded the Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1923.

Key takeaways

Marie Phisalix belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Marie Phisalix to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Marie Phisalix from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Marie Félicie Phisalix (née Picot) (20 November 1861 — 18 January 1946) was a French scientist who researched snake venom and antidotes. She was awarded the Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1923.

Early life and education Phisalix was part of the Jurassic separatism movement. She was born in Besançon, the daughter of Camille Joséph Picot and Marie Josephine Dalloz. From 1882, she studied at the École normale supérieure de jeunes filles, which had recently been established. She qualified in 1889, where she taught herself and worked toward a medical degree. She was one of the first French women to become a doctor of medicine. She defended her thesis Histological, embryological and physiological research on the venom glands of the terrestrial salamander in 1900. Phisalix began to work on snake venom antidotes, and won a prize for her doctoral research on reptile and amphibian venoms. She identified that venom function is not adapted to attack or defence.

Research and career In 1910, Phisalix joined the National Museum of Natural History, where she led the laboratory of ichthyology and herpetology. She was interested in the biological role of venom function. She studied the comparative anatomy of the organs that create venom as well as the pathology of their delivery. She became interested in how venom was presented in different species. She focused on lower vertebrates, higher vertebrates with natural immunity as well as parasitic protozoa. She studied the blood and tissue of lower vertebrates and their venom and anti-venom. She showed that the production of venom, which is accompanied by natural immunity, is a defense strategy. Phisalix was a feminist, who served as the Vice President of the Association for the Improvement of the Status of Women. She led the 1945 meeting of the French League for the Rights of Women.

Awards and honours

Phisalix was awarded the French Academy of Sciences Prix Bréant in 1916 and 1922. In 1923 she was awarded the Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur, and the Académie française Grand Prix Lasserre in 1928. She was proposed for membership of the Académie Nationale de Médecine, but was not accepted.

Books Phisalix, Marie (1922). Animaux venimeux et venins. Masson & co. ISBN 978-1160786973. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) Phisalix, Marie (1940). Vipères de France : leur biologie, leur appareil venimeux et le traitement de leurs morsures Marie Phisalix. Stock (Delamain et Boutelleau).

Personal life Phisalix was married to Césaire Phisalix, a French biologist.

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Marie Phisalix

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Marie Phisalix claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Marie Phisalix before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Marie Phisalix ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Marie Phisalix

In research: Marie Phisalix appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Marie Phisalix in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Marie Phisalix is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1861 births, 1946 deaths, French recipients of the Legion of Honour, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Marie Phisalix outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

Ask Teacher Smith questions about this articleOpens your AI tutor with a question about “Marie Phisalix” →

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study Marie Phisalix in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Marie Phisalix means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Marie Phisalix out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Marie Phisalix in simple terms?

Why does Marie Phisalix matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Marie Phisalix?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Marie Phisalix.