chemistry

Marija Šimanska

Marija Šimanska is a chemistry topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Marija Šimanska rather than just read about it. In short: Marija Šimanska (Polish: Maria Szymańska; 1922–1995) was a Latvian chemist of Polish heritage. She was one of the most prolific scientists of her era in Latvia and was honored with numerous medals and awards.

Key takeaways

Marija Šimanska belongs to chemistry; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Marija Šimanska to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Marija Šimanska from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Marija Šimanska (Polish: Maria Szymańska; 1922–1995) was a Latvian chemist of Polish heritage. She was one of the most prolific scientists of her era in Latvia and was honored with numerous medals and awards.

Biography Marija Šimanska was born on 23 April 1922 Daugavpils, Latvia to Polish parents. She finished her high school studies in Polish in 1940 at the Daugavpils Gymnasium and enrolled in the University of Latvia. After only one semester in the pharmacy school, she left Riga and returned to Daugavpils to join the Polish underground. She was arrested and sent to the Stutthof concentration camp in February 1943. At the end of the war in 1945, she returned to school and completed her degree in chemistry in 1948. She went to work in the Forestry Problems Institute and simultaneously studied for her PhD. When she received her doctorate in 1952, she became one of the first three Soviet women to have attained a doctorate in chemistry. Between 1957 and 1975 she was the deputy director of the Institute of Organic Synthesis and she founded the catalytic synthesis lab there, where she researched heterocyclic compounds and catalytic transformations. She developed many new catalysts, analytical reagents, and medical processes and was one of the most prolific scientists of Latvia. Šimanska published over 450 research papers and was the creator of 56 inventions. She also served as the editor of Latvijas Ķīmijas Žurnāls (Latvian Chemical Journal) of the Latvian Academy of Sciences and Latvijas Farmaceitu Žurnāls (Latvian Pharmaceutical journal). Šimanska also served as the president of the Latvian Pharmacists' Scientific Society from 1978 to 1994. During her career, she received recognition for her work, including the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic State Laureate Prize in 1965; the David Hieronymus Grindel Medal; the Solomons Hillers Medal; and the Arvīds Kalniņš Medal. In 1992, she was made the President of the Latvian Union of Poles and that same year was made an honorary member of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Posthumously, she was awarded the Gustavs Vanags Laureate Prize and diploma for her research on Non-traditional methods of catalytic chemistry of heterocyclic compounds. She died on 10 July 1995 in Riga and was buried in the Daugavpils Catholic cemetery.

Selected works Šimanska, Marija (1989). Aptiekāru svaros– godaprāts (in Russian). Riga: Cīņa. Šimanska, Marija Vladislavovna (1990). Vanadievye katalizatory okislenija geterocikličeskich soedinenij (in Russian). Riga: Zinātne. Šimanska, Marija (1990). "Kā likvidēt zāļu deficītu?". Latvijas Ārsts (3): 78–79.

References

Bibliography Caune, Andris (2004). Totalitarian occupation regimes in Latvia in 1940-1964: research of the Commission of the Historians of Latvia, 2003 (in Latvian). Latvijas Vēstures institūta apgāds. ISBN 978-9984-601-56-4. Silin̦š, Leonids (2003). Latvieši Štuthofas koncentrācijas nometnē: 1942 - 1945 (in Latvian). Fonds Latvijas Vēsture. ISBN 978-9984-643-46-5. Stradiņš, Jānis; Grosvalds, Ilgars (1994). Nauka polska a Łotwa, w: Kultura polska na Łotwie (in Polish). Riga, Latvia: Ambasada RP w Rydze.

External links WorldCat Publications WorldCat Publications WorldCat Publications WorldCat Publications

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Marija Šimanska

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Marija Šimanska claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In chemistry, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Marija Šimanska before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Marija Šimanska ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Marija Šimanska

In research: Marija Šimanska appears in chemistry research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Marija Šimanska in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Marija Šimanska is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1922 births, 1995 deaths, 20th-century Latvian inventors, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Marija Šimanska outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Marija Šimanska in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Marija Šimanska means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Marija Šimanska out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Marija Šimanska in simple terms?

Why does Marija Šimanska matter?

Because it connects several chemistry ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Marija Šimanska?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Marija Šimanska.