science

Marine conservation zones in Yorkshire

Marine conservation zones in Yorkshire is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Marine conservation zones in Yorkshire rather than just read about it. In short: The marine conservation zones in Yorkshire, were created in 2016 and 2019 after an extensive consultation, which drew criticism of the UK Government's plans which designated only 31 zones out of the projected 127 zones in 2013. An £8 million study recommended the 127 sites, of which, eight lay in and around the coast of Yorkshire.

Key takeaways

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Reference excerpt

The marine conservation zones in Yorkshire, were created in 2016 and 2019 after an extensive consultation, which drew criticism of the UK Government's plans which designated only 31 zones out of the projected 127 zones in 2013. An £8 million study recommended the 127 sites, of which, eight lay in and around the coast of Yorkshire. In June 2020. a review led by Richard Benyon MP, stated that nearly 50 areas around the UK coastline (three off the Yorkshire Coast), should become Highly Protected Marine Areas (HPMAs). This would see the banning of dredging, sewage dumping, drilling, offshore wind-turbine construction and catch-and-release sea fishing.

History The Review of Marine Nature Conservation (RMNC) was established in 1999 to provide an effective framework for protection sections of the marine environment surrounding the United Kingdom. Before this, international agreements included the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (1972), and the adoption ten years later by the UN General Assembly of the World Charter for Nature (1982, UN Resolution 37/7). The Marine Conservation Zone Project was launched in 2008, to determine which areas around England, Wales and Northern Ireland should be awarded the status of a Marine Conservation Zone (MCZ), which led to the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009. The project divided up the relevant parts of the United Kingdom into four areas; the South West was labelled Finding Sanctuary, the South East Balanced Seas, the Irish Sea area Irish Sea Conservation Zones, and the North Sea area as Net Gain. In September 2011, the four regional MCZ projects put forward their proposals for MCZs in their area. No sites in Yorkshire were designated in the first tranche (2013); they were either designated in tranche 2 (2016), or tranche 3 (2019).

List of MCZs

Holderness Inshore Holderness Inshore MCZ stretches for over 191 miles (308 km) and includes the tip of Spurn Point in the south, to the village of Skipsea in the north. The MCZ extends from the shore to 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) out to sea and has a "wonderful mosaic of cobble, mixed sediment, sand and chalk, alongside patches of peat and clay". The shoreline and seabed support various fauna and algae as well as wrasse, European eel, dab, as well as commercially important crab and lobster.

Holderness Offshore Holderness offshore lies 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) off the coast of the East Riding of Yorkshire, with Barmston and Kilnsea being its northern and southern end points respectively. The site, which is 160 feet (50 m) deep and covers an area of 454 square miles (1,176 km2), is noted for its ross worms, crabs, lobsters and ocean quahogs. The site also overlaps the Southern North Sea Special Area of Conservation, which protects harbour porpoises.

Markham's Triangle Markham's Triangle lies over 84 miles (135 km) off the Holderness coastline. The area supports sand eels, which are food for many seabirds, with surveys revealing that grey seal and harbour porpoises that have been spotted swimming through the area. Markham's Triangle has been subjected to significant trawl fishing in recent years, which has scarred the seabed.

Runswick Bay

Runswick Bay was designated in the second tranche in January 2016, after CEFAS had conducted a survey of the Runswick Bay proposed site in 2014. Runswick Bay MCZ extends to 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) out to sea and covers and area of 26.13 square miles (67.67 km2). It is recognised as being a Nationally Designated area of protection on the World database on Protected areas. The MCZ at Runswick Bay is host to shallow rocky areas which provide a refuge for crabs, anemones and starfish. The ground is also a good home for kelp and red seaweed. Mussels, limpets and barnacles are found closer to the shore, whilst the seabed provides for sponges, sea squirts and sea urchins. The MCZ also sees important visitors such as harbour porpoises and kittiwakes. Deeper areas within the Runswick Bay zone are good spawning grounds for herring, sprat, cod and plaice. The designation mentions one key creature, the ocean quahog (arctica islandica), and ten types of rock and surface which are to be managed and protected; low energy intertidal rock, moderate energy intertidal rock, high energy intertidal rock, intertidal sand and muddy sand, moderate energy infralittoral rock, moderate energy circalittoral rock, subtidal coarse settlement, subtidal mixed sediments, subtidal sand, and subtidal mud. Whilst there is no strategic plan on how to protect the MCZs, Runswick Bay has been a prohibited area for trawling "for decades". Dredging activity is also banned and netting is strictly controlled.

Proposed MCZs

Castle Ground Castle Ground, located off the coast at Scarborough, was proposed by the wildlife trust for approval in the tranche 3 process. The site covers over 1.4 square miles (3.7 km2), running from Scalby Mills past Scarborough, and is designated because of the shoreline habitats and bird species. It is named after Scarborough Castle. Castle Ground is home to "seaweeds, sea hares, crabs and molluscs such as blue-rayed limpets. Anemones, sponges, starfish and brittlestars. During winter, Filey Brigg supports half the English purple sandpiper population and is important for foraging seabirds, such as kittiwakes. There are 225 creatures belonging to ten different families recorded on the Brigg itself."

Compass Rose Compass Rose lies 19 miles (30 km) off the coast of Yorkshire between Whitby and Scarborough. The site covers over 210 square miles (550 km2) and is renowned for being subjected to the Flamborough Front, a "distinct temperature gradient between the waters to the north and south of Flamborough Head, where mixing of the warmer waters of the southern North Sea and the cooler waters of the northern North Sea occurs." The water in the proposed zone reaches a depth of 160 feet (50 m) and supports cup corals, anemones, sponges, mussels, worms, starfish and brittle stars. The site is an important spawning ground for plaice, herring, lemon sole and sandeels. Additionally, it is an important nursery for cod, whiting and sprat.

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Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Marine conservation zones in Yorkshire

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Marine conservation zones in Yorkshire claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Marine conservation zones in Yorkshire before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Marine conservation zones in Yorkshire ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Marine conservation zones in Yorkshire

In research: Marine conservation zones in Yorkshire appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Marine conservation zones in Yorkshire in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Marine conservation zones in Yorkshire is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Conservation in England, Fishing in England, Lists of protected areas of the United Kingdom, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Marine conservation zones in Yorkshire outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Marine conservation zones in Yorkshire in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Marine conservation zones in Yorkshire means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Marine conservation zones in Yorkshire out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Marine conservation zones in Yorkshire in simple terms?

Why does Marine conservation zones in Yorkshire matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Marine conservation zones in Yorkshire?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Marine conservation zones in Yorkshire.