science

Marinitoga piezophila

Marinitoga piezophila is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Marinitoga piezophila rather than just read about it. In short: Marinitoga piezophila is a species of rod-shaped, thermo-piezophilic bacteria. It is, anaerobic, chemo-organotrophic, sulfur-reducing, motile, have a mean length of 1-1.5 micrometres and stains Gram-negative.

Key takeaways

Marinitoga piezophila belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Marinitoga piezophila to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Marinitoga piezophila from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Marinitoga piezophila is a species of rod-shaped, thermo-piezophilic bacteria. It is, anaerobic, chemo-organotrophic, sulfur-reducing, motile, have a mean length of 1-1.5 micrometres and stains Gram-negative. The type strain is KA3T (= DSM 14283T = JCM 11233T).

Origin A thermophilic, anaerobic, piezophilic, chemo-organotrophic sulfur-reducing bacterium, designated as KA3T, was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal chimney sample collected at a depth of 2630 m on the East-Pacific Rise (13degree N).

Optimal growth conditions When grown under elevated hydrostatic pressure, the cells are rod-shaped with a sheath-like outer structure, motile, have a mean length of 1-1.5 mum and stain Gram-negative. They appear singly or in short chains. When grown at lower, or atmospheric, pressures, the cells elongate and become twisted. Growth is enhanced by hydrostatic pressure; the optimal pressure for growth is 40 MPa (26 MPa pressure at sampling site). The temperature range for growth is 45-70 degreeC, the optimum being around 65 degreeC (doubling time is approximately 20 min at 40 MPa). Growth is observed from pH 5 to pH 8, the optimum being at pH 6. The salinity range for growth is 10-50 g NaCl l-1, the optimum being at 30 g l-1

Ecology The isolate is able to grow on a broad spectrum of carbohydrates or complex proteinaceous substrates, and growth is stimulated by L-cystine and elemental sulfur. The G+C content of the genomic DNA is 29±1 mol%. According to phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA gene, the strain is placed within the order Thermotogales, in the bacterial domain. On the basis of 16S rDNA sequence comparisons and morphological, physiological and genotypic characteristics, it is proposed that the isolate be described as a novel species of the genus Marinitoga, with Marinitoga piezophila sp. nov. as the type species

References

Further reading Alain, Karine; Marteinsson, Thor Viggo; Miroshnichenko, Margarita; Bonch-Osmolovskaya, Elisaveta; Prieur, Daniel; Birrien, Jean-Louis (July 2002). "Marinitoga piezophila sp. nov., a rod-shaped, thermo-piezophilic bacterium isolated under high hydrostatic pressure from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 52 (4): 1331–9. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02068-0. Lucas, S.; Han, J.; Lapidus, A.; Cheng, J.-F.; Goodwin, L. A.; Pitluck, S.; Peters, L.; Mikhailova, N.; Teshima, H.; Detter, J. C.; Han, C.; Tapia, R.; Land, M.; Hauser, L.; Kyrpides, N. C.; Ivanova, N.; Pagani, I.; Vannier, P.; Oger, P.; Bartlett, D. H.; Noll, K. M.; Woyke, T.; Jebbar, M. (2012). "Complete Genome Sequence of the Thermophilic, Piezophilic, Heterotrophic Bacterium Marinitoga piezophila KA3". Journal of Bacteriology. 194 (21): 5974–5975. doi:10.1128/JB.01430-12. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 3486111. PMID 23045491. Advances in Phosphotransferases (Phosphate Group Acceptor) Research and Application: 2013 Edition: ScholarlyPaper. ScholarlyEditions. 21 June 2013. pp. 32–. ISBN 978-1-4816-7150-7. Sébert, Philippe, ed. Comparative high pressure biology. CRC Press, 2010.

External links "Marinitoga piezophila". The Encyclopedia of Life. Type strain of Marinitoga piezophila at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Marinitoga piezophila

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Marinitoga piezophila claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Marinitoga piezophila before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Marinitoga piezophila ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Marinitoga piezophila

In research: Marinitoga piezophila appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Marinitoga piezophila in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Marinitoga piezophila is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Bacteria described in 2002, Thermotogota, Thermozoa, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Marinitoga piezophila outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Marinitoga piezophila in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Marinitoga piezophila means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Marinitoga piezophila out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Marinitoga piezophila in simple terms?

Why does Marinitoga piezophila matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Marinitoga piezophila?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Marinitoga piezophila.