mathematics

Marion Dufresne (1994)

Marion Dufresne (1994) is a mathematics topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Marion Dufresne (1994) rather than just read about it. In short: Marion Dufresne is a research and supply vessel named in honour of the 18th-century French explorer Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne launched in 1995 and having two main missions: logistic support for the French Austral Islands and oceanographic research. The Marion Dufresne (IMO 9050814) is chartered by the French TAAF on an annual basis from the French shipping line CMA CGM (The French Line) and is maintained by the I…

Key takeaways

Marion Dufresne (1994) belongs to mathematics; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Marion Dufresne (1994) to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Marion Dufresne (1994) from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Marion Dufresne is a research and supply vessel named in honour of the 18th-century French explorer Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne launched in 1995 and having two main missions: logistic support for the French Austral Islands and oceanographic research. The Marion Dufresne (IMO 9050814) is chartered by the French TAAF on an annual basis from the French shipping line CMA CGM (The French Line) and is maintained by the IPEV (Institut polaire français – Paul-Émile Victor). The current Marion Dufresne is the replacement for the slightly smaller Marion Dufresne that served the TAAF from 1973 to 1995. The ship was constructed by Ateliers et Chantiers du Havre of Normandy, France and delivered on 12 May 1995; it is registered in Marseille but its base of operations is the island of La Réunion. The Marion Dufresne was designed for the very severe weather conditions of the Southern Ocean. She possesses exceptional seakeeping behavior – allowing full performance in the very rough seas found there.

Mission The Marion Dufresne is used to service the districts of the Crozet and Kerguelen Islands, and the smaller islands of Amsterdam and St-Paul, delivering supplies, fuel, and personnel to the three permanently staffed bases there: Alfred Faure (Port Alfred), Port-aux-Français, and Martin-de-Viviès. With the additional capacity as a logistics vessel, the Marion Dufresne, as a research vessel, is among the largest of the world fleet. Her accommodation options, freight handling, and endurance allow cruises and research campaigns of the most demanding sort. Due to an increasing scientific demand, in 1999 the French Ministry of Research reduced the ship time devoted to logistical operations to 120 days per year and allowed the IPEV to conduct research world-wide for the remaining 245 days a year. Therefore, the ship is no longer confined to the Indian Ocean and conducts research in all oceans. This has allowed for the development of integrated, multidisciplinary programs, for instance, spending several months in 1999 coring for paleo-climatic purposes in the North Atlantic.

Ship facilities With a capacity for 110 passengers in 59 cabins, the Marion Dufresne allows large scientific parties to embark on multidisciplinary programs. There is a hospital with operating theatre, pharmacy, video/conference center, library, gym and a ship's store.

Propulsion Diesel-electric propulsion is provided by three Cegelec electric motors – one 750 kW bow thruster and two AC synchronous electric propulsion motors: 2,650 kW each manufactured by GEC Alsthom Moteurs driving two propeller shafts. Electric power to run the motors is generated by two 8-cylinder (8R32D) and one 6-cylinder (6R32D) diesel engines, manufactured by the Finnish company Wärtsilä.

Boats The ship carries a complement of several smaller working boats on board. The largest is the container barge Gros Ventre ("Fat Belly"), named in honour of the fluyt Gros Ventre of the First voyage of Kerguelen; others include a small utility boat, a semi-rigid rubber raft, and a Zodiac. Naturally the vessel also carries the required types of lifeboats.

Aircraft The Marion Dufresne possesses a helicopter platform and may carry one of a series of helicopters to ferry provisions and personnel from ship to shore. These may include the Eurocopter AS365 Dauphin, Eurocopter AS 350 Écureuil, and Aérospatiale Alouette II or III. These aircraft are leased from HeliLagon on Réunion.

Heavy lifting The vessel possesses two fast 23-tonne (25-short-ton) cranes (41 tonnes or 45 short tons when coupled), one logistic/ oceanographic 16-tonne (18-short-ton) crane, and one 2.7-tonne (3-short-ton) service crane.

Navigation The ship's complement of navigation equipment includes:

Three GPS navigation systems and SkyFix differential correction Doppler speed log Gyro compass Time server Attitude control and navigation system Ultra-Short Baseline (USBL) underwater acoustic positioning system Dynamic positioning system (DPS)

Environment The ship's systems include:

Central weather station and acoustic anemometer Two distribution circuits of "clean" sea water to the laboratories

Information technology & communication The vessel has a broad array of communication and computing technologies including:

Computer workstations: Sun, HP, IBM Desktop computers: DOS/Windows & Mac Printers and plotters Software: MATLAB, Generic Mapping Tools (GMT), Ifremer CARAIBES RT-PP sea floor mapping software 200 port gigabit Ethernet network/intranet and work area WiFi Server: VMWare server virtualization, renewed 2018 and 2019. Data acquisition and archiving, 50TB capacity. Batched email and data transmission: Inmarsat systems. Phone: Iridium Marine VHF transceiver

Science Featuring modern facilities, it is operational in all fields of oceanography: marine geosciences, marine biology, oceanography, and the physics and chemistry of the oceans.

Facilities There are 31 laboratories with 650 square metres (7,000 sq ft) total surface area, plus the possibility of additional lab containers on the bridges and helicopter platform.

Geophysics The vessel possesses a full suite of geophysical equipment including multi-beam bathymetry and imagery and includes:

Three bathymetric sounders: Dual-frequency (3.5 and/or 12 kHz) sea bottom profiler coupled with multibeam echosounder (MBES) Analog echo sounder (3.5, 12 and 18 kHz) Monobeam echo sounder (3.5, 12, 18 and 34 kHz) Marine proton magnetometer Gravimeter Two continuous thermosalinographs (TSGs) Two acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP) Conductivity, temperature, depth (CTD) rosette/ carousel (24 bottles) Two seismic compressors

Coring The Marion Dufresne with its giant corer Calypso, is one of the few ships to collect sediment cores up to 60 metres (200 ft) in length. Calypso is a Kullenberg type round piston corer adjustable 2 to 12 tonnes (2.2 to 13.2 short tons) and 70 metres (230 ft) long. Also on board is a CASQ square gravity corer (0.25 by 0.25 by 12 metres (9.8 in × 9.8 in × 39 ft 4.4 in) long). Since 1995, a program involving 26 nations aims to collect and interpret paleoclimatic data from cores taken in all the world's oceans.

Integrated rear heavy sampling (SIAM) Over the stern sampling equipment includes:

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Marion Dufresne (1994)

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Marion Dufresne (1994) claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In mathematics, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Marion Dufresne (1994) before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Marion Dufresne (1994) ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Marion Dufresne (1994)

In research: Marion Dufresne (1994) appears in mathematics research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Marion Dufresne (1994) in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Marion Dufresne (1994) is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1994 ships, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, IMO numbers, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Marion Dufresne (1994) outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Marion Dufresne (1994) in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Marion Dufresne (1994) means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Marion Dufresne (1994) out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Marion Dufresne (1994) in simple terms?

Why does Marion Dufresne (1994) matter?

Because it connects several mathematics ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Marion Dufresne (1994)?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Marion Dufresne (1994).