biology

Martin Apple

Martin Apple is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Martin Apple rather than just read about it. In short: Martin A. Apple is R&D Director and President Emeritus of the Council of Scientific Society Presidents (CSSP), an organization of presidents of some sixty scientific federations and societies whose combined membership reportedly totals over 2 million scientists and science educators.

Key takeaways

Martin Apple belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Martin Apple to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Martin Apple from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Martin A. Apple is R&D Director and President Emeritus of the Council of Scientific Society Presidents (CSSP), an organization of presidents of some sixty scientific federations and societies whose combined membership reportedly totals over 2 million scientists and science educators. CSSP promotes "wise science policy in support of science and science education" and functions as a national science leadership development center, as well as a forum for emerging scientific issues. Prior positions by Apple include: Chairman of the Board of Visitors of the University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute; Chairman of the American Institute of Chemists; Chairman of the multicampus University of California Northern California Cancer Center, Multidisciplinary Drug Research Group; Managing Partner of LEADERS Strategic Planning; National Project Manager of Scope, Sequence & Coordination (a national project supported by the National Science Foundation for school education reform; Chair Maryland VIP-16 Education Research Board; President of the International Plant Research Institute (a pioneer in improving food yield and nutritional quality via transgenic agricultural plants); Vice Chairman of the Board of the East-West Center Association, member of the executive committee of the National Agricultural Research, Education, Economics and Extension Board, director of Science-Watch (a science policy analysis project; and member of the Governing Board of the National Economists Club, Washington D.C. Dr Apple was the co-chair of the first (2000) Gordon Conference on the Frontiers of Science on the topic of Science and Technology Policy and a keynote speaker at the Gordon Research Conference on Fuel Cells. Recognized by the Commonwealth Club of California as one of California's 100 Leaders of Tomorrow, Apple has received numerous awards, including Leadership Citation from the East-West Center Association Board of Governors; 1995 Leadership Award and 2002 Support of Science Award from the Council of Scientific Society Presidents. He has received the designation of Fellow by the American College of Clinical Pharmacology, the American Institute of Chemists, and Phi Beta Kappa, where he also received the Distinguished Service Award. An early pioneer of genetic engineering through his founding of the International Plant Research Institute in 1978, Apple subsequently received notoriety as a young scientist when he was misquoted in the New York Times as quipping "We are going to make pork chops grow on trees!" [1] Apple has developed a number of innovations in bio-technology, pharmacology, and genetic engineering, and has authored and co-authored dozens of research, technical and scientific publications, including 6 books (e.g.: Cancer, A Comprehensive Treatise, Vol V). He received an MSc from the University of Minnesota in Genetics and Microbiology, and a PhD in Biochemistry from the University of California (University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley). In recent years, Apple has played a leadership role to promote science education, and has actively collaborated with leading scientists from various disciplines to further innovation in alternative energy and to better integrate the principles of ecological sustainability within the scientific community. Martin A. Apple died August 11, 2025, in Benicia, California at the age of 85.

References

Sources Council of Scientific Society Presidents (September 1, 2009). "Council of Scientific Society Presidents". Retrieved 2009-09-01. Botanical Society of America (August 4, 2002). "Botany 2002". Archived from the original on March 15, 2012. Retrieved 2009-09-01. Society for Executive Leadership in Academic Medicine (November 3, 2007). "SELAM international". Retrieved 2009-09-04. Northern California Cancer Center, Multidisciplinary Drug Research Group. "nccc.org". Retrieved 2009-09-04. National Science Teachers Association. "Scope, Sequence, and Coordination--A Framework for High School Science Education". Archived from the original on 2009-08-25. Retrieved 2009-09-04. Becker, Frederick (1977). Cancer, a comprehensive treatise. Vol. 5. New York; London: Plenum Press. ISBN 0-306-35205-2. Charles, Daniel (2001). Lords of the Harvest. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing. ISBN 0-7382-0291-6. Staff, A. N. (2025, October 1). Obituary: Martin A. Apple. Chemical & Engineering News. https://cen.acs.org/people/obituaries/Obituary-MartinApple/103/web/2025/09

External links Council of Scientific Society Presidents 2007 Gordon Research Conference on Fuel Cells Gordon Conference on the Frontiers of Science: Science and Technology Policy National Economists Club, Washington D.C.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Martin Apple

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Martin Apple claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Martin Apple before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Martin Apple ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Martin Apple

In research: Martin Apple appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Martin Apple in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Martin Apple is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics American scientists, Living people, University of Minnesota College of Biological Sciences alumni, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Martin Apple outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Martin Apple in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Martin Apple means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Martin Apple out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Martin Apple in simple terms?

Why does Martin Apple matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Martin Apple?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Martin Apple.