astronomy

Martin Bronfenbrenner

Martin Bronfenbrenner is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Martin Bronfenbrenner rather than just read about it. In short: Martin Bronfenbrenner (December 2, 1914 – June 2, 1997) was an American economist who served as William R. Kenan, Jr.

Key takeaways

Martin Bronfenbrenner belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Martin Bronfenbrenner to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Martin Bronfenbrenner from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Martin Bronfenbrenner (December 2, 1914 – June 2, 1997) was an American economist who served as William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Economics at Duke University. His publications, including more than 250 scholarly papers and five books, cover a host of topics, including aggregate economics, income distribution, international economics, and Japan. His scholarship was recognized on several occasions, including his election as Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and as a Distinguished Fellow of the American Economic Association. Bronfenbrenner received his B.A. from Washington University in St. Louis in 1934, his doctorate from the University of Chicago in 1939, and went on to teach at Roosevelt University, the University of Wisconsin–Madison (1947–1957), Michigan State University (1957–1959), the University of Minnesota (1959–1962) and Carnegie Mellon University (1962–1971), where he also served as department chair. He later taught at Aoyama Gakuin University in Tokyo, Japan from 1984 to 1990 and Duke University from 1971 to 1984, and from 1991 until his death.

Relationships He married Teruko Okuaki Bronfenbrenner and had two children.

Selected publications

Books Academic Encounter (New York: Free Press, 1961) Is the Business Cycle Obsolete? (Editor; New York: Wiley, 1969) Long-Range Projections of the Japanese Economy, 1962-1975 (Santa Barbara: Technical Military Planning Operation, 1958) Income Distribution Theory (Chicago: Aldine, 1971) Tomioka Stories from the Japanese Occupation (Exposition Press, 1976) Macroeconomic Alternatives (AHM Publishing Co., 1979) Microeconomics (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987) Here and There in Economics (Tokyo: Aoyama Gakuin University, 1988)

Articles Economics of the Socialist Countries: General Comment, in Berliner, J. S.; Kosta, H.; Hagoki, M. (eds.), Economics of the Socialist Countries (Tokyo: Maruzen, 1989), 193–196 International Economics in Embryo, in Feiwel, G. (ed.), Joan Robinson and Modern Economic Theory (New York: New York University Press, 1989), 727-38 Economy and Culture: The Case of U.S.-Japan Economic Relations: Commentary, in Hayashi, K. (ed.), The U.S.- Japanese Economic Relationship: Can It Be Improved? (New York, London: New York University Press,1989), 14–18 A Bean-Brick Parable: "Consumer Sovereignty" Yet Again, Eastern Economic Journal (July-Sept. 1990), 265–70 Economics as Dentistry, Southern Economic Journal (Jan. 1991), 599–605 General Comments on the International Symposium on Making Economies More Efficient and More Equitable, in Mizoguchi, T. (ed.), Making Economies More Efficient and More Equitable: Factors Determining Income Distribution (Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 439–43 Wisconsin 1947-1957—Reflections and Confessions: De Mortuis Nil Nisi Bolognam. In Lampman, R. (ed.), Economists at Wisconsin: 1892-1992 (Madison: University of Wisconsin, 1993), 130–38 Review of: Nicholas Kaldor and the Real World, Journal of Economic Literature (Dec. 1994), 1864–66 Maldistribution and Interdependent Utilities: Editorial, Journal of Income Distribution (1994–1995), 155–58 Say's Law Extended: An Expository Approach, in Hoover, K.; Sheffrin, S. (eds.), Monetarism and the Methodology of Economics: Essays in Honor of Thomas Mayer (Brookfield, VT: Ashgate, 1995), 73–85

References

Blaug, Mark (ed.) (1999). Who's Who in Economics (3d edition), Edward Elgar.

External links Archived version of Martin Bronfenbrenner's page at Duke Works of Martin Bronfenbrenner

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Martin Bronfenbrenner

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Martin Bronfenbrenner claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Martin Bronfenbrenner before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Martin Bronfenbrenner ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Martin Bronfenbrenner

In research: Martin Bronfenbrenner appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Martin Bronfenbrenner in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Martin Bronfenbrenner is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1914 births, 1997 deaths, 20th-century American economists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Martin Bronfenbrenner outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Martin Bronfenbrenner in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Martin Bronfenbrenner means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Martin Bronfenbrenner out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Martin Bronfenbrenner in simple terms?

Martin Bronfenbrenner (December 2, 1914 – June 2, 1997) was an American economist who served as William R. Kenan, Jr.

Why does Martin Bronfenbrenner matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Martin Bronfenbrenner?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Martin Bronfenbrenner.