astronomy

Martin Gusinde

Martin Gusinde is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Martin Gusinde rather than just read about it. In short: Martín Gusinde (29 October 1886, in Breslau – 18 October 1969, in Mödling, Austria) was an Austrian priest and ethnologist famous for his work in anthropology, particularly on the Fuegians. He was one of the most notable anthropologists in Chile in the first half of the 20th century, together with Max Uhle and Aureliano Oyarzún Navarro.

Key takeaways

Martin Gusinde belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Martin Gusinde to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Martin Gusinde from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Martín Gusinde (29 October 1886, in Breslau – 18 October 1969, in Mödling, Austria) was an Austrian priest and ethnologist famous for his work in anthropology, particularly on the Fuegians. He was one of the most notable anthropologists in Chile in the first half of the 20th century, together with Max Uhle and Aureliano Oyarzún Navarro.

Career In 1900, Martin Gusinde joined the missionary order Divine Word Missionaries. He began higher studies in 1905 in St. Gabriel in Mödling, near Vienna. After ordination in 1911, Gusinde went to Chile. He worked as a teacher from 1912 to the end of 1913 and subsequently at the Ethnographic Museum in Santiago de Chile with Max Uhle until 1922, becoming a head of department in 1918.

Gusinde undertook four research journeys to Tierra del Fuego between the end of 1918 and 1924. The objective was to explore the different groups of Fuegian people, the Yamana and Selkʼnam (also known as Ona), who had been displaced by settlers and severely depleted by imported diseases for which they lacked natural resistance. He stayed in Tierra del Fuego for 22 months in total. He was allowed to participate in the initiation rites of the groups he studied. On behalf of the Berlin Phonogram Archive, he recorded songs and chants of the indigenous peoples. In 1926 Gusinde, gained a doctorate in anthropology at the University of Vienna. Together with Ferdinand Hestermann, he edited and helped arrange for publication in 1933 of a Yamana-English dictionary, based on an 1879 manuscript by Rev. Thomas Bridges, an Anglican missionary at Ushuaia. This was later reprinted in Buenos Aires in 1987, and in a paperback edition in 2011. During the mid-1930s, he studied the pygmies in the Congo. Between 1949 and 1957, Gusinde served as a professor at The Catholic University of America in Washington, DC. He undertook an expedition to the Ayom pygmies in New Guinea in 1956. From 1959 to 1960 he taught at Nanzan University in Nagoya, Japan. He ended his career in research, lecturing and teaching activities at the Mission St. Gabriel in Maria Enzersdorf, Vienna. Martín Gusinde died in Mödling on 10 October 1969.

Legacy In Puerto Williams, Chile, the Martin Gusinde Anthropological Museum was erected in his honour, which records his work with the Tierra del Fuego people. He is also honoured in the placenames, Padre Martin Gusinde street in Padre Hurtado, Santiago, Chile and Martin-Gusinde-Gasse in Maria Enzersdorf, Austria.

Decorations and awards 1952: Karl Renner Prize 1958: Austrian Decoration for Science and Art 1966: Grand Silver Medal with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria Honorary Ring of Vienna

See also Media related to Martin Gusinde Anthropological Museum at Wikimedia Commons Martin Gusinde Anthropological Museum Tierra del Fuego#European colonization and extinction of Native Americans (1860–1910)

References

External links Martin Gusinde in Memoria Chilena (in Spanish) M Gusinde. Medicina e Higiene de los araucanos Publicaciones del Museo de Etnología y Antropología de Chile. Santiago : El Museo, 1917-1927 (Santiago : Universitaria) n° 1, (1916), p. 87-120 (in Spanish) Martin Gusinde, Biography and Bibliography (Project: History of African Studies in Austria) by Dr. Clemens Gütl, Austria Clemens Gütl (2008). "Gusinde, Martin". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) (in German). Vol. 29. Nordhausen: Bautz. cols. 526–536. ISBN 978-3-88309-452-6. Audio recording with Martín Gusinde in the Online Archive of the Österreichische Mediathek (Interview in German). Retrieved 2 September 2019 Peter Rohrbacher: Zwischen NS-Regime und Ordenszensur: Martin Gusinde SVD und sein Verhältnis zum Nationalsozialismus, 1938–1945 [1], in: Andre Gingrich; Peter Rohrbacher (Hg.), Völkerkunde zur NS-Zeit aus Wien (1938–1945): Institutionen, Biographien und Praktiken in Netzwerken (Phil.-hist. Kl., Sitzungsberichte 913; Veröffentlichungen zur Sozialanthropologie 27/3) [2]. Wien: OEAW 2021, p. 1113–1158. Peter Rohrbacher: Gusinde, Martin, 1886-1969. Ethnologe, katholischer Theologe, Missionar. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB-online, 1.10.2025) [3]

Illustrations

Martin Gusinde: Martin Gusinde — Martin Gusinde

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Martin Gusinde

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Martin Gusinde claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Martin Gusinde before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Martin Gusinde ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Martin Gusinde

In research: Martin Gusinde appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Martin Gusinde in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Martin Gusinde is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1886 births, 1969 deaths, 20th-century German anthropologists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Martin Gusinde outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Martin Gusinde in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Martin Gusinde means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Martin Gusinde out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Martin Gusinde in simple terms?

Why does Martin Gusinde matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Martin Gusinde?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Martin Gusinde.