astronomy

Marvin Goldman

Marvin Goldman is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Marvin Goldman rather than just read about it. In short: Marvin Goldman (born May 2, 1928 in New York City) is an American radiation biologist, known for "his highly significant contributions to the understanding of the effects of bone-seeking radionuclides—in carcinogenic characteristics of long-term strontium-90 exposures." Education and career Marvin Goldman grew up in Brooklyn and graduated from Erasmus Hall High School. He received in 1949 a bachelor's degree in biol…

Key takeaways

Marvin Goldman belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
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Connect Marvin Goldman to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Marvin Goldman from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Marvin Goldman (born May 2, 1928 in New York City) is an American radiation biologist, known for "his highly significant contributions to the understanding of the effects of bone-seeking radionuclides—in carcinogenic characteristics of long-term strontium-90 exposures."

Education and career Marvin Goldman grew up in Brooklyn and graduated from Erasmus Hall High School. He received in 1949 a bachelor's degree in biology from Adelphi College (now named Adelphi University) and in 1949 an M.S. in zoology-physiology from the University of Maryland, College Park. From 1949 to 1951 at the University of Maryland he was a graduate student supported by a fellowship to study aviation physiology. In 1951 he began working in Operation Buster–Jangle at the Nevada Test Site to determine the pulmonary effects in animals exposed to fallout from nuclear weapons tests. In 1951, with two colleagues, he made the first detection of plutonium in lung tissue from animals that inhaled dust from U.S. nuclear bomb tests. After leaving the Nevada Test Site, he completed in 1957 his Ph.D. in radiation biology at the University of Rochester. His thesis advisor was Newell Stannard. In December 1958 Goldman, with his wife and new-born child, moved to Davis, California; the University of California, Davis (UC Davis) hired him as a radiation biologist. He worked on a long-term project to determine the effects on beagles of low-level, chronic exposure to strontium-90. In 1972 Goldman was one of five recipients of the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award from the Atomic Energy Commission. For the academic year 1994–1995 he was the president of the Health Physics Society. In 1996 he was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Selected publications Goldman, M.; Glasser, S. R.; Tuttle, L. W. (1958). "Extraembryonic Vascular Deterioration in Irradiated Chick Embryo". Experimental Biology and Medicine. 97 (2): 385–387. doi:10.3181/00379727-97-23750. hdl:2027/mdp.39015095077015. PMID 13518282. S2CID 11738665. Goldman, Marvin; Tuttle, L. W. (1959). "Radiation and Hormone Effects Upon Lymphocyte Release from Isolated Perfused Dog Spleens". International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine. 1 (4): 403–413. doi:10.1080/09553005914550521. PMID 13850704. Goldman, M. (1982). "Ionizing radiation and its risks". The Western Journal of Medicine. 137 (6): 540–547. PMC 1274230. PMID 6761969. Goldman, M.; Dungworth, D. L.; Bulgin, M. S.; Rosenblatt, L. S.; Richards, W. P. C.; Bustad, L. K. (1969). "Radiation-Induced Neoplasms in Beagles after Administrations of 90Sr and 226Ra". In: Radiation-Induced Cancer. Proceedings of a Symposium on Radiation-Induced Cancer. Goldman, M.; Michaelson, S. M. (1970). "Large Animal Studies". In Sacher, G.A (ed.). In: Report ANL-7811. Conference on the estimation of low-level radiation effects in human populations [Argonne, Illinois[, December 7–9, 1970, edited by George A. Sacher. Argonne National Laboratory. p. 32. doi:10.2172/4708694. Raabe, Otto G.; Goldman, Marvin (1979). "A Predictive Model of Early Mortality Following Acute Inhalation of PuO2 Aerosols". Radiation Research. 78 (2): 264–277. Bibcode:1979RadR...78..264R. doi:10.2307/3575043. JSTOR 3575043. PMID 451156. Hayes, Thomas L.; Pawley, James B.; Fisher, Gerald L.; Goldman, Marvin (1980). "A model for the exposure of individual lung cells to the foreign elements contained in fly ash". Environmental Research. 22 (2): 499–509. Bibcode:1980ER.....22..499H. doi:10.1016/0013-9351(80)90161-9. PMID 7408830. Raabe, Otto G.; Book, Steven A.; Parks, Norris J.; Chrisp, Clarence E.; Goldman, Marvin (1981). "Lifetime Studies of 226Ra and 90Sr Toxicity in Beagles: A Status Report". Radiation Research. 86 (3): 515–528. Bibcode:1981RadR...86..515R. doi:10.2307/3575467. JSTOR 3575467. PMID 7244126. Goldman, Marvin (1987). "Chernobyl: a radiobiological perspective". Science. 238 (4827): 622–624. Bibcode:1987Sci...238..622G. doi:10.1126/science.3672115. PMID 3672115. Anspaugh, Lynn R.; Catlin, Robert J.; Goldman, Marvin (1988). "The Global Impact of the Chernobyl Reactor Accident". Science. 242 (4885): 1513–1519. Bibcode:1988Sci...242.1513A. doi:10.1126/science.3201240. PMID 3201240. 1988 Goldman, Marvin; Nelson, Robert C.; Bollinger, Lance; Hoover, Mark D.; Templeton, William; Anspaugh, Lynn (1991). "Potential health risks from postulated accidents involving the Pu-238 RTG on the Ulysses solar exploration mission". AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 217. pp. 152–164. doi:10.1063/1.40028. Mossman, K. L.; Goldman, M.; Masse, F.; Mills, W. A.; Schiager, K. J.; Vetter, R. L. (1996). "Radiation risk in perspective" (PDF). Health Physics Society Newsletter. 24 (3). 1996 Goldman, M. (1997). "The Russian radiation legacy: its integrated impact and lessons". Environmental Health Perspectives. 105 (Suppl 6): 1385–1391. doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s61385. PMC 1469939. PMID 9467049. Mossman, Kenneth L.; Planque, E.G. de; Goldman, Marvin; Kase, Kenneth R.; Magnusson, Sigurdur M.; Muntzing, L. Manning; Roessler, Genevieve S. (2001). "Bridging radiation policy and science. An International Conference, Airlie House Conference Center, Warrenton, VA 1–5 December 1999. Final Report". Reexamining the Scientific Basis for the Linear No-threshold Model of Low-dose Radiation: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment of the Committee on Science, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, July 18, 2000. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 357–384. ISBN 9780160656149.

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Marvin Goldman

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Marvin Goldman claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Marvin Goldman before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Marvin Goldman ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Marvin Goldman

In research: Marvin Goldman appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Marvin Goldman in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Marvin Goldman is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1928 births, Adelphi University alumni, Erasmus Hall High School alumni, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Marvin Goldman outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Marvin Goldman in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Marvin Goldman means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Marvin Goldman out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Marvin Goldman in simple terms?

Why does Marvin Goldman matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Marvin Goldman?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Marvin Goldman.