ArticleslgStudy

biology

Mary Lake Polan

Mary Lake Polan is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Mary Lake Polan rather than just read about it. In short: Mary Lake Polan (born 1943) is an American obstetrician and gynecologist whose research on genetics and hormones involved in reproductive endocrinology, along with her fiction and non-fiction books on related subjects, helped normalize the general public's understanding of in-vitro fertilization during the 1970s through the 1990s. A Las Vegan, she grew up in the aftermath of World War II in a large Jewish family and…

Key takeaways

  • Mary Lake Polan belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
  • Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
  • Connect Mary Lake Polan to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
  • Reproduce the core statement of Mary Lake Polan from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Mary Lake Polan (born 1943) is an American obstetrician and gynecologist whose research on genetics and hormones involved in reproductive endocrinology, along with her fiction and non-fiction books on related subjects, helped normalize the general public's understanding of in-vitro fertilization during the 1970s through the 1990s. A Las Vegan, she grew up in the aftermath of World War II in a large Jewish family and developed an interest in medicine due to her father's work in ophthalmology. Having a varied education at several institutions growing up, along with multiple trips abroad to Europe to study, Polan eventually began doing research and teaching at Yale and Stanford. She would continue doing international trips to both learn about and spread knowledge of reproductive medicine to other countries, including Iran, China, and Eritrea. In 1988, she published a popular science mystery novel that went into detail on how in-vitro fertilization is practiced, giving insights that lessened public fears about the new technologies involved. A member of multiple professional societies and organizations, she was also made a member of multiple governmental committees and organization boards involved in women's medicine and health. She was named a "Giant in Obstetrics and Gynecology" by the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology in 2022 for her work.

Childhood and education

Early years Born in 1943 in Las Vegas, New Mexico to an Army ophthalmologist father from Lithuania and a nurse mother from Norway, Polan was raised during the end of World War II while her father was stationed for two years in her childhood in the Azores. Her family then moved to Huntington, West Virginia with her and her younger brother, the wilderness and escapades in the mountainous region being formative in her pre-teen and teen years. She had extensive interactions with the rest of her Jewish family that lived in the area and worked on the family business, first manufacturing bombsights during the war and then moving into optical lenses. She was sent to the private Emma Willard School in Troy, New York for her high school years. Due to her father taking her with him on his surgical duties, she obtained an early interest in medicine and became a summer ward clerk for the town's hospital at age 17.

Degrees and abroad For university, she attended Connecticut College to receive her bachelor's degree, though made several trips abroad for the learning experience. Her freshman year as a part of the "Experiment in International Living" program had her travel to Switzerland. Then, in her junior year, she went to Paris, France as a part of the Smith College Junior Year Abroad Program. She went on to graduate cum laude in the 1965 class at Connecticut College with a degree in chemistry. She continued with her studies at Yale University's School of Medicine and received a Ph.D. in molecular biophysics and biochemistry five years later in 1970. Starting a postdoctoral fellowship in the Yale lab of Joseph G. Gall, she researched how to isolate the circular components found in the mitochondrial DNA of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster.

Medicine and women's health Wanting to begin a career in medicine, she was required to obtain a medical degree, which she did in 1975 from the same school. She also did her residency at the Yale School of Medicine in it obstetrics and gynecology department, becoming the first woman to complete a residency in the department. The last several months of her residency in 1978 also saw her spend time in hospitals in Shiraz, Iran, which would later provide inspiration for her medical mystery novel. The new discoveries in infertility technologies had Polan start a reproductive endocrinology fellowship with Nathan Kase and Alan DeCherney. Later in her life, she wanted to branch out into other areas of women's health, so she enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley to get a public health degree as a part of the university's Maternal and Child Health Program. She completed the degree in 2001.

Career

Yale professorship After completing her residency and fellowship, Polan became an assistant professor and lecturer at the Yale School of Medicine until 1990, with her initial research program being funded on an NIH grant that focused on how hormone production is conducted in the granulosa-luteal cells of humans. Her fellowship time period also involved interaction with John McLean Morris, who suggested Polan get involved in the Yale-China Program that sent undergraduates as English teachers in Changsha, China. For this purpose, Polan and her family spent four months in 1986 at Changsha while teaching at the Second Affiliated Hospital. The research she was exposed to led her to start also focusing on the relationship of cytokinins and interleukin-1 to the process of reproduction. By 1987, she was promoted to an associate professor and conducted surgery at Yale New Haven Hospital in addition to doing lab research.

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Mary Lake Polan

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Mary Lake Polan claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Mary Lake Polan before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Mary Lake Polan ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Mary Lake Polan

In research
Mary Lake Polan appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry
Engineering practice reuses Mary Lake Polan in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom
Mary Lake Polan is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1943 births, 20th-century American Jews, 20th-century American women scientists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life
Look for Mary Lake Polan outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.
Ask Teacher Smith questions about this articleOpens your AI tutor with a question about “Mary Lake Polan” →

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study Mary Lake Polan in 20 minutes

  1. Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
  2. Close the page and write down what Mary Lake Polan means in your own words.
  3. Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
  4. Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
  5. Explain Mary Lake Polan out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Mary Lake Polan in simple terms?

Mary Lake Polan (born 1943) is an American obstetrician and gynecologist whose research on genetics and hormones involved in reproductive endocrinology, along with her fiction and non-fiction books on related subjects, helped normalize the general public's understanding of in-vitro fertilization du…

Why does Mary Lake Polan matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Mary Lake Polan?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Mary Lake Polan.

Tags

  • 1943 births
  • 20th-century American Jews
  • 20th-century American women scientists
  • 21st-century American Jews
  • 21st-century American non-fiction writers
  • 21st-century American women scientists
  • American gynecologists
  • American mystery novelists
  • American obstetricians
  • American women non-fiction writers
  • Columbia University faculty
  • Connecticut College alumni

Keep exploring