science

Max Hollrung

Max Hollrung is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Max Hollrung rather than just read about it. In short: Max Udo Hollrung (25 October 1858 in Hosterwitz, Dresden – 5 May 1937 in Halle (Saale)) was a German botanist, and an early specialist in phytopathology. He was the first university teacher in Germany to be appointed to teach on the subject of plant diseases and plant protection at a university.

Key takeaways

Max Hollrung belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Max Hollrung to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Max Hollrung from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Max Udo Hollrung (25 October 1858 in Hosterwitz, Dresden – 5 May 1937 in Halle (Saale)) was a German botanist, and an early specialist in phytopathology. He was the first university teacher in Germany to be appointed to teach on the subject of plant diseases and plant protection at a university. The standard author abbreviation Hollrung is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Life and work

Hollrung was the son of a master mason. He studied natural sciences, in particular, chemistry, acquiring his doctorate from the University of Leipzig in 1882. After a three-year assistantship at the Agriculture-Chemical Experimental Station in Halle (Saale), he participated in a research expedition to New Guinea from 1886 to 1888. At his return, Julius Kühn transferred him to the Agricultural Institute of the University of Halle, to work in the newly established Research Center for Nematode Control. From 1898 Hollrung was head of the experimental station for crop protection of the Chamber of Agriculture of the province of Saxony in Halle / Saale. From 1898, he was head of the Plant Health Experimental Station of the Chamber of the Province of Saxony, in Halle. In 1905, he edited "Lektorat für Pflanzenkrankheiten" ("Diseases of plants") at the University of Halle, and worked there until 1930. He promoted the development of plant pathology, notably through his "Handbook of Chemicals for the Control of Plant Diseases" (first edition 1898) and his "Annual Reports on Innovations and Benefits in the Field of Plant Diseases" (1898–1913). Hollrung was head of the first research center in the field of crop protection and the first full-time university teacher for this field in Germany. As a researcher, he played a significant role in the examination of copper salts as a plant protection product, in the study of diseases of grapevine and potato. Throughout his life he looked for ways to practise preventive crop protection, especially with arable and organic farming. Many of his attempts to develop biological plant protection measures were acknowledged only after his death.

Honours

Some species named for him (Arecaceae) Calyptrocalyx hollrungii (Becc.) Dowe & M.D.Ferrero (Dryopteridaceae) Chlamydogramme hollrungii (Kuhn) Holttum (Euphorbiaceae) Mallotus hollrungianus K.Schum. (now a synonym of Melanolepis multiglandulosa (Reinw. ex Blume) Rchb. & Zoll.) (Orchidaceae) Pedilonum hollrungii (Kraenzl.) Rauschert (synonym of Dendrobium smillieae F.Muell.) (Rubiaceae) Gynochthodes hollrungiana (Valeton) Razafim. & B.Bremer (Loranthaceae) Decaisnina hollrungii (K.Schum.) Barlow

Some publications Annual report on innovations and services in the field of plant diseases Jahresbericht über die Neuerungen und Leistungen auf dem Gebiet der Pflanzenkrankheiten. Herausgegeben von Max Hollrung. Verlag Paul Parey Berlin Jg. 1–16, 1898–1913. Handbook of chemical remedies for plant diseases. Handbuch der chemischen Mittel gegen Pflanzenkrankheiten. Herstellung und Anwendung im Großen. Verlag Paul Parey Berlin 1898; 2. erw. u. verb. Aufl. unter dem Titel Die Mittel zur Bekämpfung der Pflanzenkrankheiten, ebd. 1914; 3. vollständig umgearb. Aufl. ebd. 1923. Brief guide to identifying, assessing, preventing and eliminating major plant diseases Kurzgefaßte Anleitung zur Erkennung, Beurteilung, Verhütung und Beseitigung der wichtigsten Pflanzenkrankheiten. Verlag Jänecke Hannover 1907 = Bibliothek der gesamten Landwirtschaft H. 23. The pathological conditions of the seeds, their causes and their remedy Die krankhaften Zustände des Saatgutes, ihre Ursachen und Behebung. In: Kühn-Archiv Bd. 8, 1919, S. 1–352. – Zugl. im Buchhandel: Verlag Paul Parey Berlin 1919. The detection of field, meadow and willow grasses, taking into account their inflorescences. For use of working farmers. Die Erkennung der Feld-, Wiesen- und Weide-Ungräser unter Berücksichtigung ihrer Blütenstände. Zum Gebrauch für berufstätige Landwirte bearbeitet. In: Wissenschaftliches Archiv für Landwirtschaft, Abt. A, Archiv für Pflanzenbau Bd. 2, 1929, S. 563–703. – Zugl. im Buchhandel: Verlag Julius Springer Berlin 1930. 100 years of potato disease. A critical review 100 Jahre Kartoffelkrankheit. Ein kritischer Rückblick. In: Kühn-Archiv Bd. 33, 1932, S. 29–122. Zugl. im Buchhandel: Verlag Hall. Nachrichten Halle/S. 1932. (with von Schumann) 1889. Die Flora von Kaiser Wilhelms Land. Kommissions – Verlag: Asher & Co, Berlin.

Notes

References Gesamtverzeichnis der Pauliner vom Sommer 1822 bis Sommer 1938, Leipzig 1938, p 70 Literature by and about Max Hollrung Walter Heinrich Fuchs: Hollrung, Max. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 9, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1972 DNB: Max Hollrung (translated from the German Wikipedia article: Max Hollrung, and partially from the Spanish Wikipedia.)

External links Photograph of Max Hollrung, 1926. Smithsonian Institution Archives.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Max Hollrung

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Max Hollrung claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Max Hollrung before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Max Hollrung ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Max Hollrung

In research: Max Hollrung appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Max Hollrung in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Max Hollrung is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1858 births, 1937 deaths, 19th-century German botanists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Max Hollrung outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Max Hollrung in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Max Hollrung means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Max Hollrung out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Max Hollrung in simple terms?

Why does Max Hollrung matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Max Hollrung?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Max Hollrung.