science

Measurement of land in Punjab

Measurement of land in Punjab is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Measurement of land in Punjab rather than just read about it. In short: The measurement of land in Punjab region of South Asia is an important aspect of agriculture and land management in the region. Punjab has a unique system of measuring land, typically done in units of bigha and acre.

Key takeaways

Measurement of land in Punjab belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
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Reference excerpt

The measurement of land in Punjab region of South Asia is an important aspect of agriculture and land management in the region. Punjab has a unique system of measuring land, typically done in units of bigha and acre. The measurements can vary slightly depending on the specific region and local customs. The following are the basic measurements of land used in the Punjab region (including Haryana), divided between Indian and Pakistani Punjab, in ascending order. The measurement system is covered in detail in Punjab Weight and Measurement Act 1976. In 2016, the Government of Punjab, Pakistan started using drones for the measurement of land.

Standard measurement units for farmland A commonly used land measurement unit in Punjab is karam or square karam. Other units include the sarsahi and units listed. This is the current system of measurement of farmland. All Units

1 Karam = 5.5 feet = 1.8333 yard (Gaj) 1 Sq Karam = 1 Sarsahi = 30.25 Sq feet = 3.361111 Sq yard 1 Marla = 9 Sarsahi = 272.25 Sq feet = 30.25 Sq yard 1 Biswa = 4 Marla = 36 Sarsahi = 1,089 Sq feet = 121 Sq yard 1 Kanal = 5 Biswa = 20 Marla = 180 Sarsahi = 605 Sq yard 1 Bigha = 4 Kanal = 20 Biswa = 80 Marla = 2,420 Sq yard 1 Killa = 1 Acre = 2 Bigha = 8 Kanal = 40 Biswa = 160 Marla 1 Killa = 4,046.856 Sq metre = 4,840 Sq yard 1 Hectare = 2.471 Acre = 10,000 Sq metre = 11,959.9 Sq yard 1 Murabba = 25 Killa = 25 Acre = 10 Hectare

Muraba-Killa-Bigha system one 'karam' is 5.5 ft one 'Sq. Karam' is 'One Sarsai' = (5.5 x 5.5) = 30.25 Sq. Feet one 'marla' is 9 (Sarsai) square karams = 9 x (5.5x5.5) = 272.25 Sq ft =30.25 Sq yard. one 'kanaal' is 20 marlas (5,445 sq ft) = 605 Sq.yard (Gajz) one 'bigha' is 20 biswa (21,780 sq ft) one 'bigha' = 20 nisa one 'bigha' = 4 kanals 5 'kanaals' (27225 sq. ft) = 5x605 = 100 marla = 3025 sq.yd. (gajz) one 'killa' is of 8 kanaals = 8x605 = 4840sq.yd. (gajz) one 'murabba' is 25 killas (1,089,000 sq ft = 25 acres) 1 hectare is 2.47 Acres

Killa or acre measurements A killa or Acre is measured rectangularly, reckoned as an area 36 karams (198 ft) x 40 karams (220 ft) or 43,560 square feet. Around 1⁄2 killa or acre is known as Bigha.

1 Karam = 5.5 feet = 1.8333 or Gaj (yard) 1 Yard = 36 Inch = 0.91 metre = 3 feet 1 Sq Yard = 9 Sq feet 1 Marla = 30.25 Sq yard = 272.25 sq feet 1 Kanal = 605 Sq yard = 5,445 Sq feet 1 Acre = 4,840 Sq yard = 43,560 Sq feet

Standard measurement units for residential properties Kothis (residential homes) and havelis (traditional mansions) are measured in marlas and kanals. Most are two to four kanaals but the big ones can be anything from four to six kanaals.

Units of measurements in Sindh Following are the current units of measurement in Sindh residential as well as open / agricultural land.

1 Athaas = 4 Acre 1 Hectare = 2.471 Acre 1 Acre = 2 Jarebs 1 Acre = 43,560 Sq feet = 4,840 Sq yard 1 Jareb = 20 Wiswa = 21,780 Sq feet = 2,420 Sq yard 1 Wiswa = 1,089 Sq feet = 121 Sq yard (33 feet x 33 feet)

Units of measurements in Haryana Following are the current units of measurement as per HALRIS. Different areas have different size of Bigha, hence this system is no longer used since 1957 when it was replaced by the standardised Acre-Kanal-Marla based meter system. Acre-Kanal-Marla system (currently used, standardised metre system)

1 Karam = 66 inch (5.5 feet = 1.8333 yard) 1 Sarsari = 1 Sq Karam (3.361111 Sq yard) 9 Sarsari = 1 Marla (30.25 Sq yard) 20 Marla = 1 Kanal (605 Sq yard) 8 Kanal = 1 Acre (4,840 Sq yard) 1 Acre = 36 Karam (198 feet) × 40 Karam (220 feet) Bigha-Biswa system (conversion to current Acre system)

1 Karam = 57.157 inch 1 Biswansi = 1 Karam X 1 Karam 20 Biswansi = 1 Biswa 20 Biswa = 1 Bigha 4 Bigha और 16 Biswa = 1 Acre Killa-Biswa-Bigha system (old system, no longer used since 1957)

1 Karam = 57.157 inch 20 Biswansi = 1 Biswa 20 Biswa = 1 Bigha 4 Bigha = 1 Killa (40 Karam X 40 Karam)

Historic units of measurements This measure was used in the revenue settlement of the districts of Delhi, Hisar, Rohtak, Ambala, Karnal, Fazilka, Ferozepur and Ludhiana during British Raj. This is now not used.

1 Bigha = 0.20 acres or 4.8 Bighas = 1 acre

Historic measurements in Punjab These are now outdated and have been standardised as above after the consolidation of land in Haryana and Punjab post-independence.

one biswa = 15 Sq karams; 12 biswas = 1 kanaal (605 gaz) one bigha = 4 kanaal = 2,420 sq yard = 2,043.428 sq metre

Consolidated areas In all areas settled and consolidated on the basis of the standard measure of 66 inches (5.5 feet or 1.8333 yard) i.e. Karam or Gatha:

1 Sq Karam (1.8333×1.8333) or 1 Sarsahi = 3.361111 Sq yard 9 Sarsahi or 1 Marla = 30.249999 Sq yard (say 30.25 Sq yard). 20 Marlas or 1 Kanal = 604.99996 Sq yard (say 605 Sq yard). 160 Marlas or 8 Kanal = 4839.99998 Sq yard (say 4,840 Sq yard or 1 acre or 1 killa)

Non-consolidated areas These areas have been all consolidated as per the standard system now. These are older measurements from during the British Raj prior to these areas were consolidated. In the areas consolidated on the basis of the local measUte and the non-consolidated areas of Amritsar, Gurdaspur, (except Shahpur Hill Circle and Chak Andar in Pathankot tehsil), Ferozepur (except Fazilka) and the erstwhile princely State of Faridkot. Also applicable for Lahore (Pakistan):

1 Karam 60 inches 1 Sq. Karam or Sarsahi 2.777777 Sq. yds. 9 Sarsahies or 1 Marla 24.999999 Sq. yards say 25 Sq.yards. 20 Marlas or 1 Kanal 499.9999 Sq. yards say 500 Sq.yards 193.60 Marlas (9 Kanals1 Acre or 4840 Sq.yds 13 Marlas 5 Sarsahis)

Consolidated areas based on non-standard measures In the areas consolidated on the basis of the local measure and the non-consolidated areas of Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Anandpur Sahib (Ropar) and the Shahpur hill Circle in Gurdaspur District during the British Raj.

1 Karam 57.5 inches 1 Sq. Karam or Sarsahi 2.5511188 Sq.yds. 9 Sarsahies or 1 Marla 22.960069 Sq.yards say 22.96 Sq.yds 20 Marlas or 1 Kanal 459.20138 Sq.yards say 459 Sq.yards. 210.8 Marlas 10.54 Kanals 1 Acre or 4840 Sq.yds

Consolidated areas based on non-standard measures in erstwhile princely State of Kapurthala In the area consolidated on the basis of the local measure and the non-consolidated areas of the erstwhile princely State of Kapurthala:

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Measurement of land in Punjab

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Measurement of land in Punjab claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Measurement of land in Punjab before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Measurement of land in Punjab ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Measurement of land in Punjab

In research: Measurement of land in Punjab appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Measurement of land in Punjab in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Measurement of land in Punjab is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Economic history of India, Economic history of Pakistan, Metrication, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Measurement of land in Punjab outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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Frequently asked questions

What is Measurement of land in Punjab in simple terms?

Why does Measurement of land in Punjab matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Measurement of land in Punjab?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

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