astronomy

Meredith Shiels

Meredith Shiels is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Meredith Shiels rather than just read about it. In short: Meredith Sarah Shiels (born May 6, 1982) is an American cancer epidemiologist who researches cancer risks in people with HIV. She is a senior investigator at the National Cancer Institute.

Key takeaways

Meredith Shiels belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Meredith Shiels to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Meredith Shiels from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Meredith Sarah Shiels (born May 6, 1982) is an American cancer epidemiologist who researches cancer risks in people with HIV. She is a senior investigator at the National Cancer Institute.

Life Meredith Sarah Shiels was born May 6, 1982, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to Judy and Stuart Shiels. She completed a B.S. in Biobehavioral Health in 2004 from the Schreyer Honors College of Pennsylvania State University. Her honor's thesis was titled, Effects of 24-hour smoking abstinence and tobacco smoking on salivary cortisol levels and self-reported craving in men and women. Laura Cousino Klein was her advisor. She earned a M.H.S. (2006) and Ph.D. (2009) in cancer epidemiology from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Her master's thesis was titled, Cigarette smoking behavior in relation to variation in three genes involved in dopamine metabolism: Catechol-O-methyltransferase, Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase and Monoamine Oxidase-A. Shiels' dissertation was titled AIDS-defining and non-AIDS-defining cancers in HIV-infected individuals. Anthony J. Alberg was her master's thesis advisor and Stephen R. Cole was her doctoral advisor. She joined the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch (IIB) as a Cancer Research Training Award postdoctoral fellow in 2009, and was promoted to research fellow in 2011. Shiels became a tenure-track investigator in 2016 and was promoted to senior investigator and awarded National Institutes of Health (NIH) scientific tenure in 2021. Her research program focuses on quantifying cancer risk and burden in people living with HIV, estimating the impact of risk factors on changing cancer rates over time, and understanding rising rates of premature mortality in the United States.

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Meredith Shiels

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Meredith Shiels claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Meredith Shiels before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Meredith Shiels ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Meredith Shiels

In research: Meredith Shiels appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Meredith Shiels in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Meredith Shiels is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1982 births, 21st-century American scientists, 21st-century American women scientists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Meredith Shiels outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Meredith Shiels in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Meredith Shiels means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Meredith Shiels out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Meredith Shiels in simple terms?

Meredith Sarah Shiels (born May 6, 1982) is an American cancer epidemiologist who researches cancer risks in people with HIV. She is a senior investigator at the National Cancer Institute.

Why does Meredith Shiels matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Meredith Shiels?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Meredith Shiels.