chemistry

Methylacidiphilum infernorum

Methylacidiphilum infernorum is a chemistry topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Methylacidiphilum infernorum rather than just read about it. In short: Methylacidiphilum infernorum is an extremely acidophilic methanotrophic aerobic bacteria first isolated and described in 2007 growing on soil and sediment on Hell's Gate, New Zealand. Similar organisms have also been isolated from geothermal sites on Italy and Russia.

Key takeaways

Methylacidiphilum infernorum belongs to chemistry; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Methylacidiphilum infernorum to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Methylacidiphilum infernorum from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Methylacidiphilum infernorum is an extremely acidophilic methanotrophic aerobic bacteria first isolated and described in 2007 growing on soil and sediment on Hell's Gate, New Zealand. Similar organisms have also been isolated from geothermal sites on Italy and Russia. A polyextremophile, these non-motile rods grows optimally at pH between 2.0 and 2.5 and temperature of 60 °C. It is a methanotrophic obligated bacteria that grows at 25% (v/v) of methane in air. It is also very dependent on carbon dioxide concentrations to grow, optimally at 8% (v/v) CO2 in air. Due to its classification in the phylum Verrucomicrobiota and its extreme acidophilic phenotype M. infernorum is unique between all known methanotrophs.

Biology

Genome It has a single circular chromosome of 2,287,145 base pairs. Under genome analysis it was found that M. infernorum may use a novel methylotrophic pathway because it encodes methane monooxygenase enzymes but lacks known genetic modules for methanol and formaldehyde oxidation. All the enzymes required for the Calvin Benson Bassham cycle were identify by genetic analysis.

Metabolism It has been predicted that M. infernorum possess most of the key metabolic pathways for the biosynthesis of all amino acids, nucleotides and cofactors, with the sole exception of the cobalamin cofactor. Genetic studies have shown that the enzymes it uses in several metabolic pathways differs to the ones used by other methylotrophs like for example in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids, lipoic acid biosynthesis, urea cycle and in the number and diversity of transporters encoded. The bacteria is able to counteract extreme acidic environments thanks to the presence of various enzymes like glutamate decarboxylase, glutamate/γ-aminobutyrate antiporter, arginine decarboxylase and an arginine/agmatine antiporter.

References

External links Methylacidiphilum infernorum on HAMAT (High-quality Automated and Manual Annotation of Proteins)

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Methylacidiphilum infernorum

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Methylacidiphilum infernorum claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In chemistry, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Methylacidiphilum infernorum before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Methylacidiphilum infernorum ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Methylacidiphilum infernorum

In research: Methylacidiphilum infernorum appears in chemistry research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Methylacidiphilum infernorum in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Methylacidiphilum infernorum is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Bacteria described in 2007, Candidatus taxa, Polyextremophiles, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Methylacidiphilum infernorum outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Methylacidiphilum infernorum in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Methylacidiphilum infernorum means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Methylacidiphilum infernorum out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Methylacidiphilum infernorum in simple terms?

Why does Methylacidiphilum infernorum matter?

Because it connects several chemistry ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Methylacidiphilum infernorum?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Methylacidiphilum infernorum.