Michael Melville May (born Michel Meyer-May; December 23, 1925 – May 17, 2026) was a French-born American theoretical physicist, nuclear weapons designer and arms control expert. He served as the fifth director of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) from 1965 to 1971, and later as co-director of the Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC) at Stanford University. Over a career spanning more than half a century, May shaped U.S. nuclear deterrence strategy and arms control policy, contributing to thermonuclear weapons design, the development of supercomputing at LLNL, and high-level negotiations including the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT).
Early life and education Michel Meyer-May was born in Marseille, France, on December 23, 1925, to Juliette Trarieux May and Jacques Meyer-May. His mother was a granddaughter of Ludovic Trarieux, a French senator and human-rights pioneer. His father was a physician and medical geographer whose work in tropical medicine took the family across continents, including several years in French Indochina (present-day Vietnam), where Jacques May trained Vietnamese doctors. He spent much of his childhood in Paris, where he thrived in the French academic system despite losing more than a year to complications from polio. At age 12, he and his family relocated to Hanoi. In 1940, as World War II engulfed Europe, his mother emigrated with May and his siblings to Walla Walla, Washington. He was 14 years old. He graduated from high school at age 15. May went on to earn degrees in mathematics and physics from Whitman College in 1944, at the age of 18. He became a U.S. citizen in 1944. Following his undergraduate studies, May was drafted into the U.S. Army and served from 1944 to 1946. He chose to train as a paratrooper and participated in weapons testing during his service. After his discharge, May pursued graduate study, first at the University of Washington and later at the University of California, Berkeley, where he completed a Ph.D. in physics in 1952. His dissertation, titled A Study of the Properties of V⁰-Particles, examined particles produced by cosmic rays—particles now known as kaons. His time at Berkeley coincided with the Loyalty Oath controversy, which led several of his faculty mentors to leave the university.
Career at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Early work (1952–1962)
In 1952, May accepted an invitation from physicist Herbert York to join the newly established UC Radiation Laboratory in Livermore (later renamed Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory). May later recalled that he did not learn the Laboratory was focused on nuclear weapons development until his first day on the job. May joined LLNL's Theoretical Physics Division, where he focused on theoretical calculations for thermonuclear weapons. He became a group leader and later alternate division head. He was among the first scientists at the Laboratory to explore the use of high-speed computing to advance physics modeling, contributions that strengthened LLNL's reputation as a technically innovative institution. By 1962, he had been appointed Associate Director for Nuclear Design.
Director of LLNL (1965–1971) On October 22, 1965, the University of California Board of Regents appointed May director of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, succeeding John S. Foster Jr. At the time, the Laboratory employed over 5,600 people.
During his directorship, the Laboratory developed warheads for the Poseidon, Minuteman, and Spartan missile systems. May oversaw the acquisition of the Laboratory's first CDC 7600 supercomputers, expanded magnetic fusion research (including the Baseball II superconducting magnet experiment), and supported Operation Plowshare, a program investigating peaceful applications of underground nuclear explosions. In 1971, just before stepping down, May initiated the consolidation of the Laboratory's various laser research projects, laying the foundation for what would become LLNL's world-leading laser program; the laser program budget grew from $2 million in 1970 to more than $95 million by 1982. May also helped establish the UC Davis Department of Applied Science at Livermore in the early 1960s and was an early advocate for internally funded research, helping set the stage for the Laboratory's Institutional Research and Development (IR&D) program.
Arms control and policy work (1971–1988) After stepping down as director in 1971, May spent a year as a visiting fellow at what is now the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs. He then returned to LLNL as its first Associate Director at Large, a position he held until his retirement in 1988. During this period, May increasingly focused on national security and arms control. In 1974, he served as technical adviser to the U.S. delegation for the Threshold Test Ban Treaty negotiations in Moscow. From 1974 to 1976, he was a U.S. delegate to the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II) in Geneva. He also advised Secretaries of Defense James Schlesinger, Harold Brown, and Caspar Weinberger on missile defense, strategic nuclear balance, and basing options for the MX missile. May was a long-standing member of the Defense Science Board and served on the National Academy of Sciences' Committee on International Security and Arms Control, making multiple visits to the Soviet Union and China to engage in expert-level dialogue on nuclear risk reduction. Within LLNL, he led the Laboratory's Long-Range Planning Committee in the early 1980s to identify promising new areas of research. He also served on the board of the RAND Corporation and helped found the Valley Study Group to strengthen relations between LLNL and the surrounding community.
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