astronomy

Mikhail Marov

Mikhail Marov is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Mikhail Marov rather than just read about it. In short: Mikhail Yakovlevich Marov (Russian: Михаил Яковлевич Маров; 28 July 1933 – 30 November 2023) was a Russian astronomer, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2008) and laureate of the Lenin Prize (1970). He was born in Moscow on 28 July 1933, and died on 30 November 2023, at the age of 90.

Key takeaways

Mikhail Marov belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
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Reproduce the core statement of Mikhail Marov from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Mikhail Yakovlevich Marov (Russian: Михаил Яковлевич Маров; 28 July 1933 – 30 November 2023) was a Russian astronomer, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2008) and laureate of the Lenin Prize (1970). He was born in Moscow on 28 July 1933, and died on 30 November 2023, at the age of 90.

Life Marov graduated from the Bauman Moscow State Technical University in 1958 with a degree in mechanics. He then studied at the Obninsk Institute of Physics and Power Engineering and worked for RSC Energia. From 1962 he worked at the Institute of Applied Mathematics. From 1964 he was a doctoral candidate in Physical and Mathematical Sciences, and from 1967 head of the Department of Applied Mechanics, Aeronomy, and Planetary Physics. He gained his doctorate in 1970 with the dissertation "Physical Structure of the Atmosphere of Venus". He gained a professorship in 1977. From 1966 to 1978, he was the Scientific Secretary and Deputy Chairman of the Interdepartmental Scientific and Technical Council for Space Research at the USSR Academy of Sciences. From 1986 to 1989, he was a professor at the Moscow Institute of Geodesy, Aerial Photography, and Cartography (MIIGAiK), then from 1991 at the International Space University and from 2003 at the Kaluga State University. Marov was Editor-in-chief of the journal "Solar System Research" (since 1980), Deputy Chairman of the Scientific Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences for Lunar and Planetary Problems, Chairman of the Solar System Section of the Astronomical Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences (since 1985), Chairman of the Academic Commission for the Study of Tsiolkovsky's Scientific Legacy and the Organizing Committee of the Tsiolkovsky Readings. Marov became a corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences on 15 December 1990, in the Division of Mechanics and Control Processes, and Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) on 29 May 2008, in the Division of Earth Sciences. From 2008 he was Head of the Department of Planetary Studies and Cosmochemistry at the V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He headed the RAS Commission for the Study of the Creative Legacy of K.E. Tsiolkovsky; until 2019, he was a member of the Bureau of the RAS Council on Space, and until 2020, Deputy Chairman of the RAS Scientific Council for Astrobiology. He was a Full Member of the International Academy of Astronautics, member of the International Astronomical Union and of the Royal Astronomical Society. He was also an Honorary Citizen of Providence, Rhode Island, USA (1988). Asteroid 10264 (discovered in 1978 by Nikolai Chernykh) is named Marov in his honour. In August 2023, following the failure of the Luna 25 mission, he was hospitalized. The scientist, who had celebrated his 90th birthday, had high hopes that the new, Russia-first lunar mission, which was intended to bridge the gap between the Soviet and Russian lunar programs, would be successful: "It's sad that we failed to land the spacecraft. For me, this was probably the last hope of seeing a revival of our lunar programme," he said in an interview with MK.

Research Marov's research interests included space mechanics and physics, astrophysics, planetology, solar system studies, and mathematical modelling of space and natural environments. His primary work was in the field of experimental planetary astronomy, studying the structure, dynamics, optical characteristics and thermal regime of planetary atmospheres. He was one of the initiators and scientific directors of the Soviet Venus exploration programme using the Venera series of unmanned interplanetary probes. He participated in the first direct measurements of atmospheric parameters and determined the temperature and pressure values at the surface of Venus. He studied the thermodynamic state of gas in the Venusian atmosphere and identified a number of important dynamic characteristics related to heat exchange and planetary circulation. He participated in an experiment on the descent module of the Mars 6 unmanned interplanetary probe, which conducted the first direct measurements of Martian atmospheric parameters. In the field of upper atmospheric physics (aeronomy), he conducted an extensive series of studies on the structure and dynamics of the Earth's thermosphere, identifying a number of new effects and obtaining quantitative estimates for them. He proposed original approaches to modelling the structure and physicochemical processes in the upper atmospheres of planets using methods of multicomponent radiation hydrodynamics and chemical kinetics, as well as to the study of nonequilibrium elementary processes using statistical methods in solving kinetic equations. Marov played a leading role in the study of near-Earth space, the Moon, and the planets of the Solar System. He made significant contributions to the development of the theoretical foundations of aeronomy, the mechanics of multicomponent turbulent reacting gases and inhomogeneous multiphase media, the study of nonequilibrium kinetic processes, and the development of original methods for mathematical modelling of planetary atmospheres, comets, and their gaseous envelopes, as well as migration-collision processes in space. He took an active part in the work carried out as part of the Soviet Interkosmos programme. He authored over 250 scientific papers in Russian and international peer-reviewed journals and 15 monographs on space research, mechanics, and the physics of space environments.

Bibliography Marov, M.Ya., Planety Solnechnoy Sistemy. Nauka, Moscow, 1981. 2nd edition, 1986. Keldysh, M.V. and Marov, M.Ya., Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya. Nauka, Moscow, 1981. Marov, M.Ya. and Grinspoon, D.H., The Planet Venus. Yale University Press, New Haven, 1998. ISBN: 0-300-04975-7. Huntress, W.T. and Marov, M.Ya., Soviet Robots in the Solar System - Mission Technologies and Discoveries. Springer-Praxis, 2011. ISBN-13: 978-1-4419-7897-4. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7898-1. Marov, M.Ya. and Kolesnichenko, A.V., Turbulence and Self-Organization - Modeling Astrophysical Objects. Springer, 2013. ISBN-13: 978-1-4614-5154-9. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5155-6. Marov, M.Ya., The Fundamentals of Modern Astrophysics - A Survey of the Cosmos from the Home Planet to Space Frontiers. Springer, 2015. ISBN-13: 978-1-4614-8729-6. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8730-2

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Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Mikhail Marov

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Mikhail Marov claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Mikhail Marov before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Mikhail Marov ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Mikhail Marov

In research: Mikhail Marov appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Mikhail Marov in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Mikhail Marov is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1933 births, 2023 deaths, Bauman Moscow State Technical University alumni, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Mikhail Marov outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Mikhail Marov in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Mikhail Marov means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Mikhail Marov out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Mikhail Marov in simple terms?

Why does Mikhail Marov matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Mikhail Marov?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Mikhail Marov.