Minamata: The Victims and Their World (水俣 患者さんとその世界; Minamata: Kanja-san to sono sekai), also known as Minamata, is a 1971 Japanese black and white documentary film by Noriaki Tsuchimoto. It is the first in a series of 17 independent documentaries that Tsuchimoto made about the mercury poisoning incident in Minamata, Japan. Subsequent films in the series include Minamata Disease: A Trilogy (1975) and The Shiranui Sea (1975).
Synopsis The film focuses on residents of Minamata and nearby communities who suffered nervous system damage or were born deformed, due to the ingestion of fish contaminated from mercury released into the sea by a fertilizer factory owned by Chisso. It not only shows their current condition and the hardships borne by their families, but also the discrimination they had suffered from other Minamata residents, the insufficient response by Chisso, the slowness of government action, and the problems faced by victims who had not been officially designated as suffering from Minamata disease. Tsuchimoto portrays victims ranging from fishermen and the elderly to children born with congenital Minamata disease. The disease ranges in severity and symptoms.Themes carried throughout these different stories include the immense love of the caretakers and the guardians for those suffering from Minamata disease, as well as worries about these victims’ future when their families pass away. By showing how some families make the most out of their situation and that rehabilitation is possible, Tsuchimoto humanizes the people ostracized by the community because of their association with Minamata disease. The documentary takes the side of the victims in their struggle, but it also devotes much time to understanding their lifestyle, especially their traditions and their close relationship with the sea. The main action of the last part of the film is the effort of victims and their supporters to buy shares of Chisso in small quantities so that they can attend the annual stockholders' meeting and confront the corporate leadership. The Minamata demonstrators aim to address the managers and directors of Chisso to no avail, resulting in the demonstrators crowding around the directors. Through heart-wrenching tirades, the demonstrators express their demands for recognition and reparations. It is through powerful scenes such as these that Tsuchimoto’s message of demanding justice is conveyed most effectively. With the more recent environmental disasters such as the March 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, Tsuchimoto’s documentary remains relevant and brings up the issues of lack of government and corporate responsibility.
Production As a student activist who identified as a Communist, Tsuchimoto was angered by Chisso, the government, and medical institutions, which he saw as complicit in the Minamata disease victims’ suffering. Having used cinema to portray the lives of Tokyo taxi drivers in his breakthrough film On the Road: A Document (1964), contributing to the Minamata disease victims’ struggle for recognition and reparations through cinema was a natural response for Tsuchimoto. Hence, Minamata: The Victims and Their World came to be without any funding from sponsors. Instead, producer Ryūtarō Takagi essentially crowdsourced funds to produce this documentary as well as future films in the series. Upon criticism for not including any details on the medical aspects of the Minamata disease, Tsuchimoto, who had intended for Minamata: The Victims and Their World to be his only documentary on the disease, continued his documentary series with the films Minamata Disease: A Trilogy and The Shiranui Sea. New opportunities simultaneously arose: after the court ruling on the Minamata case in 1973, Tsuchimoto was able to use the Medical Faculty of Kumamoto University’s film intended for academic use, which had been mostly undisclosed during the making of Minamata: The Victims and Their World.
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