biology

MirGeneDB

MirGeneDB is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand MirGeneDB rather than just read about it. In short: MirGeneDB is a database of manually curated microRNA genes that have been validated and annotated as initially described in Fromm et al. 2015 and Fromm et al. 2020. MirGeneDB 2.1 includes more than 16,000 microRNA gene entries representing more than 1,500 miRNA families from 75 metazoan species and published in the 2022 NAR database issue.

Key takeaways

MirGeneDB belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect MirGeneDB to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of MirGeneDB from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

MirGeneDB is a database of manually curated microRNA genes that have been validated and annotated as initially described in Fromm et al. 2015 and Fromm et al. 2020. MirGeneDB 2.1 includes more than 16,000 microRNA gene entries representing more than 1,500 miRNA families from 75 metazoan species and published in the 2022 NAR database issue. All microRNAs can be browsed, searched and downloaded.

Eutheria (Placental mammals) Human (Homo sapiens) (567 genes, 268 families) Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) (520 genes, 235 families) House mouse (Mus musculus) (452 genes, 224 families) Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) (420 genes, 189 families) Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) (402 genes, 184 families) Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) (391 genes, 185 families) Dog (Canis familiaris) (455 genes, 211 families) Cow (Bos taurus) (459 genes, 214 families) Nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) (380 genes, 169 families) Lesser hedgehog tenrec (Echinops telfairi) (350 genes, 166 families) Metatheria (Marsupial mammals) Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) (465 genes, 161 families) Gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) (505 genes, 171 families) Monotremata Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) (402 genes, 149 families) Aves (Birds) Chicken (Gallus gallus) (286 genes, 136 families) Rock pigeon (Columba livia) (257 genes, 121 families) Zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) (257 genes, 115 families) Crocodylia (Alligators and Crocodiles) American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) (283 genes, 113 families) Testudines (Turtles) Western painted turtle (Chrysemys picta bellii) (301 genes, 124 families) Squamata (Lizards and Snakes) Green anole lizard (Anolis carolinensis) (267 genes, 118 families) Burmese python (Python bivittatus) (248 genes, 96 families) Schlegels Japanese gecko (Gekko japonicus) (262 genes, 99 families) Rhynchocephalia (beak-heads) Tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) (225 genes, 102 families) Anura (Frogs and Toads) African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) (505 genes, 118 families) Tropical clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis) (355 genes, 106 families) Gymnophiona (Apoda) Microcaecilia (Microcaecilia unicolor) (245 genes, 97 families) Actinista (Coelacanths) Coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) (232 genes, 91 families) Teleostei (Teleost fish) Pufferfish (Tetraodon nigroviridis) (287 genes, 97 families) Cod (Gadus morhua) (338 genes, 120 families) Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) (343 genes, 108 families) Zebrafish (Danio rerio) (414 genes, 113 families) Holostei (Gars and Bowfins) Spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) (273 genes, 104 families) Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous fish) Cloudy Catshark (Scyliorhinus torazame) (248 genes, 91 families) Australian ghostshark (Callorhinchus milii) (271 genes, 110 families) Cyclostomata Inshore hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri) (180 genes, 77 families) Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) (216 genes, 83 families) Urochordata (Sea squirts) Sea Squirt (Ciona intestinalis) (107 genes, 72 families) Cephalochordata (Amphioxus) Florida lancelet (Branchiostoma floridae) (130 genes, 73 families) European lancelet (Branchiostoma lanceolatum) (202 genes, 77 families) Hemichordata Saccoglossus (Saccoglossus kowalevskii) (78 genes, 50 families) Ptychodera (Ptychodera flava) (87 genes, 53 families) Echinodermata Purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) (60 genes, 44 families) Bat starfish (Patiria miniata) (59 genes, 40 families) Xenoturbella Xenoturbella (Xenoturbella bocki) (46 genes, 31 families) Hexapoda (Insects) Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) (161 genes, 99 families) Fruit fly (Drosophila simulans) (159 genes, 97 families) Fruit fly (Drosophila yakuba) (148 genes, 88 families) Fruit fly (Drosophila ananassae) (159 genes, 101 families) Fruit fly (Drosophila mojavensis) (162 genes, 102 families) Yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) (118 genes, 70 families) Longwing butterfly (Heliconius melpomene) (130 genes, 79 families) Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) (191 genes, 88 families) Cockroach (Blattella germanica) (144 genes, 86 families) Crustacea Common water flea (Daphnia pulex) (83 genes, 59 families) Large common water flea (Daphnia magna) (80 genes, 56 families) Chelicerata Deer tick (Ixodes scapularis) (64 genes, 52 families) Arizona bark scorpion (Centruroides sculpturatus) (101 genes, 44 families) Atlantic horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) (293 genes, 55 families) Nematoda Roundworm (Caenorhabditis elegans) (145 genes, 90 families) Roundworm (Caenorhabditis briggsae) (186 genes, 89 families) Large roundworm (Ascaris suum) (96 genes, 53 families) Annelida Polychaete worm (Capitella teleta) (102 genes, 69 families) Common brandling worm (Eisenia fetida) (193 genes, 66 families) Mollusca Owl limpet (Lottia gigantea) (82 genes, 54 families) Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) (137 genes, 60 families) Chambered Nautilus (Nautilus pompilius) (78 genes, 60 families) Hawaiian bobtail squid (Euprymna scolopes) (147 genes, 113 families) California two-spot octopus (Octopus bimaculoides) (173 genes, 136 families) Common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) (177 genes, 135 families) Brachiopoda Lingula (Lingula anatina) (106 genes, 51 families) Plathyhelminthes Freshwater planarian (Schmidtea mediterranea) (107 genes, 45 families) Rotifera Rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) (47 genes, 35 families) Cnidaria Starlet sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis) (30 genes, 24 families) Freshwater-polyp (Hydra vulgaris) (26 genes, 23 families) Porifera Amphimedon (Amphimedon queenslandica) (8 genes, 7 families) Muellers freshwater sponge (Ephydatia muelleri) (7 genes, 5 families)

References

External links Official website

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with MirGeneDB

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what MirGeneDB claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to MirGeneDB before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about MirGeneDB ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of MirGeneDB

In research: MirGeneDB appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses MirGeneDB in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: MirGeneDB is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Biological databases, MicroRNA, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for MirGeneDB outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study MirGeneDB in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what MirGeneDB means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain MirGeneDB out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is MirGeneDB in simple terms?

Why does MirGeneDB matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study MirGeneDB?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on MirGeneDB.