science

Misliya Cave

Misliya Cave is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Misliya Cave rather than just read about it. In short: Misliya Cave (Hebrew: מערת מיסליה), also known as the "Brotzen Cave" after Fritz Brotzen, who first described it in 1927, is a collapsed cave at Mount Carmel, Israel, containing archaeological layers from the Lower Paleolithic and Middle Paleolithic periods. The site is significant in paleoanthropology for the discovery of the second-oldest (after Apidima Cave in Greece) known remains attributed to Homo sapiens outs…

Key takeaways

Misliya Cave belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Misliya Cave to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Misliya Cave from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Misliya Cave (Hebrew: מערת מיסליה), also known as the "Brotzen Cave" after Fritz Brotzen, who first described it in 1927, is a collapsed cave at Mount Carmel, Israel, containing archaeological layers from the Lower Paleolithic and Middle Paleolithic periods. The site is significant in paleoanthropology for the discovery of the second-oldest (after Apidima Cave in Greece) known remains attributed to Homo sapiens outside Africa, dated to 185,000 years ago.

Excavations Excavations by teams of University of Haifa and University of Tel Aviv were conducted in the 2000/1 season, yielding finds dated to between 300,000 and 150,000 years ago.

Misliya-1 fossil Of special interest is the Misliya-1 fossil, an upper jawbone discovered in 2002, and at first dated to "possibly 150,000 years ago" and classified as "early modern Homo sapiens" (EMHS). In January 2018, the date of the fossil has been revised to between 177,000 and 194,000 years ago (95% CI). This qualifies Misliya-1 as one of the oldest known fossil of H. sapiens, of comparable age to the Omo remains (as well as those of Herto, identified as "archaic Homo sapiens", or Homo sapiens idaltu), and the second oldest modern humans ever found outside of Africa, the oldest being the skull Apidima 1 from the south western Peloponnese dated to roughly 210,000 years ago. Prior to the discoveries of Misliya and Apidima, Jebel Faya in the United Arab Emirates had been considered to be the oldest settlement of anatomically-modern humans outside Africa, with its deepest assemblage being dated to 125,000 years ago.

See also List of human evolution fossils Prehistory of the Levant Skhul Cave

References

Further reading Mina Weinstein-Evron et al.: Introducing Misliya Cave, Mount Carmel, Israel: A new continuous Lower/Middle Paleolithic sequence in the Levant. In: Eurasian Prehistory. Band 1, Nr. 1, 2003, S. 31–55. Mina Weinstein-Evron et al.: A Window into Early Middle Paleolithic Human Occupational Layers: Misliya Cave, Mount Carmel, Israel. In: Paleo Anthropology. 2012: 202−228, doi:10.4207/PA.2012.ART75 Hélène Valladas, Norbert Mercier, Israel Hershkovitz et al.: Dating the Lower to Middle Paleolithic transition in the Levant: A view from Misliya Cave, Mount Carmel, Israel. In: Journal of Human Evolution. Band 65, Nr. 5, 2013, S. 585–593, doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.07.005

External links

Misliya Cave Project at the University of Haifa Misliya Cave at Tel Aviv University

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Misliya Cave

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Misliya Cave claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Misliya Cave before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Misliya Cave ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Misliya Cave

In research: Misliya Cave appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Misliya Cave in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Misliya Cave is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Caves of Israel, Mount Carmel, Paleoanthropological sites, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Misliya Cave outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Misliya Cave in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Misliya Cave means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Misliya Cave out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Misliya Cave in simple terms?

Why does Misliya Cave matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Misliya Cave?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Misliya Cave.