science

Mondial language

Mondial language is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Mondial language rather than just read about it. In short: Mondial, not to be confused with Nov-Esperanto, is an international auxiliary language created by the Swedish school principal Helge Heimer, in the early 1940s. It received favourable reviews from several academic linguists but achieved little practical success.

Key takeaways

Mondial language belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Mondial language to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Mondial language from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Mondial, not to be confused with Nov-Esperanto, is an international auxiliary language created by the Swedish school principal Helge Heimer, in the early 1940s. It received favourable reviews from several academic linguists but achieved little practical success. Grammars and dictionaries were published in Swedish, French, English, Italian, and German.

Orthography Mondial uses 26 letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet, where k and w only occur in proper nouns and loan words.

k, w occur only in proper nouns and loanwords q only in qu, and that only before e and i

Grammar

Tonic accent The tonic accent in Mondial in general falls on the penultimate syllable in words that end in a vowel or s:

amico, idea, il amara, amicos, ideas, doctores. on the last syllable in nouns that end with a consonant other than s:

doctor, general, american. A diphthong counts as one syllable:

patria, vidua, patrias, viduas, il amaria. Exceptions to this show the placing of the tonic accent with an accent:

veritá, café.

Pronouns

The reflexive, third person singular pronoun (himself, herself, itself) is se. The pronoun su means "her own", "his own" or "its own". Note that the third person singular possessive is the same for both masculine and neuter (sui). Votre can be used as second person singular possessive as a respectful form.

Verbs Verbs conjugate as follows, using savar (to know) as an example:

Infinitive: -ar (savar, to know) Present participle: -ante (savante, knowing) Past participle: -ate (savate, known) Present: -a (yo sava, I know) Imperfect: -avi (yo savavi, I knew) Simple future: -ara (yo savara, I will know) Present conditional: -aria (yo savaria, I would know) Imperative: -a (sava!, know!) Imperative plural: -amo (savamo!, let us know!) Verbs do not conjugate by person: yo, tu, il, nu, vu, li sava (I, you, he, we, you, they know). Mondial has a single irregular verb, the verb ser (to be):

Infinitive: ser (to be) Present participle: sente (being) Past participle: sete (been) Present: e (is/am/are) Imperfect: evi (was) Simple future: sera (will be) Present conditional: seria (would be) Imperative: se! (be!) Imperative plural: semo! (let us be!) The auxiliary verb har (have) is used in much the same way as English, conjugating in the same way as the above plus the past participle of the main verb:

har savate (to have known) hante savate (having known) yo ha savate (I have known) yo havi savate (I had known) yo hara savate (I will have known) yo haria savate (I would have known) Passive voice is formed with the auxiliary verb var and the past participle of the main verb:

yo va savate (I am known) yo vavi savate (I was known) yo ha vate savate (I have been known) yo havi vate savate (I had been known) yo vara savate (I will be known) yo hara vate savate (I will have been known) yo varia savate (I would be known) yo haria vate savate (I would have been known) va savate! (be known!) vamo savate! (let us be known!) var savate (to be known) har vate savate (to have been known) vante savate (being known) hante vate savate (having been known) The verb to be (ser) can be used in the same way as var when no ambiguity arises:

Il e / va savate da tutes (He is known by all) An example of where var and ser cannot be used interchangeably:

Le porte va uvrate a tri hores (The door is opened at three o'clock – passive) Le porte e uvrate a tri hores (The door is open at three o'clock – state of being)

Sample Tristan Bernard, le autor humoristique, havi un dia prendate place con un amico in un vagon de primer clase por andar a Versalies. Il alumavi imediatemente un bon cigar, que il comenzavi da fumar con visible satisfacion. Alor un senior entravi i dicavi in un ton iritante a Tristan Bernard da gectar le cigar o da andar in un altere compartimente. Nul response. Le senior inconosate repeta su demande, ma in van. Fuor se de indignacion, il precipita se fuor del compartimente i returna algue momentes dopo con le conductor. "Cel senior ha nulo da dicar ci", dicavi alor Tristan Bernard, "il ha un biliete de secunde clase, i cil e le primer clase." Confuse i furiose, le pasagero devavi presentar su biliete al conductor i acompaniar lui imediatemente a un compartimente de secunde clase. Cuando li havi andate se, le amico de Tristan Bernard questionavi lui come il havi povate savar que lo evi un biliete de secunde clase.

"Il saliavi del poche de sui gilete", respondavi Tristan Bernard, i yo vidavi que il evi del mem color que le mi."

Translation Tristan Bernard, the humorist, one day sat with a friend in a first-class carriage to Versailles. He immediately lit a good cigar, which he began to smoke with visible satisfaction. Then, a gentleman entered and told Tristan Bernard, in an irritating tone, to put out his cigar or to go to another compartment. No response. The gentleman, becoming angry, repeated his request, but in vain. Beside himself with indignation, he quickly left the compartment and returned several moments later with the conductor. "This gentleman has nothing to say here," said Tristan Bernard then; "he has a second-class ticket, and this is first class." Confused and angry, the passenger had to present his ticket to the conductor and accompany him immediately to a second-class compartment. When they had gone, Tristan Bernard's friend asked him how he could have known that the other passenger had a second-class ticket. "It came out of his vest pocket," answered Tristan Bernard, "and I saw that it was the same color as mine."

References Pei, Mario. One Language for the World. Devin-Adair, New York: 1958. Stenström, Ingvar. "Que pote nos apprender ab le alteres e ab lor experientias de un seculo?" in Ingvar Stenström and Leland Yeager (joint authors), Tema: Interlinguistica e Interlingua, Discursos public. Union Mundial pro Interlingua, Netherlands: 1991. In Interlingua.

External links Yo parla Mondial" – le blogue in Mondial Mondial – French dictionary Grammar of Mondial in English

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Mondial language

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Mondial language claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Mondial language before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Mondial language ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Mondial language

In research: Mondial language appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Mondial language in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Mondial language is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Constructed languages, Constructed languages introduced in the 1940s, International auxiliary languages, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Mondial language outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Mondial language in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Mondial language means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Mondial language out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Mondial language in simple terms?

Why does Mondial language matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Mondial language?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Mondial language.