science

Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens

Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens rather than just read about it. In short: Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens is a botanical garden in the center of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It is situated at the foot of Montjuïc facing the sea.

Key takeaways

Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens is a botanical garden in the center of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It is situated at the foot of Montjuïc facing the sea. The park owes its name to the renowned Mallorcan poet Miquel Costa i Llobera. Despite the gardens taking up around 6 hectares of the Montjuïc hillside, they are some of the least known and visited gardens in the city. The gardens display many plant and tree species from the desert, subdesert, tropical areas, and highlands. There is also huge collection of cacti (about 800 different types) originating in many different continents and countries. As well as the collection of species of cacti and succulent plants, the gardens have panoramic views over the city's coastline and port.

History Contrary to many of the other gardens around Montjuïc, which were created for the International Exhibition in 1929, the gardens Mossèn Costa i Llobera were designed and developed much later, in 1970. The gardens were built under the guidance of the architect Joan Maria Casamor and Joan Pañella Bonastre, professor at the Escuela de Jardinería de Barcelona (Barcelona's Municipal Gardening School) and they were initially used as an outdoor classroom for botany students. 1987 the New York Times included the park in the list of the "10 most beautiful gardens on the planet". 1987 was not exactly a good year for this unique collection of botanical rarities though. In the winter of 1987, the gardens suffered a harsh frost, and had just recovered from the effects of another severe frost in the winter of 1985. The second frost in 1987 was fatal to many of the plants and its variety was reduced by almost 40%. A structural an aesthetic refurbishment was carried out between 2006 and 2011.

Location The Gardens Mossèn Costa i Llobera are located in the Barcelona’s district Sants-Montjuïc. The main entrance is located between Carretera de Miramar and Paseo de Josep Carner. This area enjoys a special microclimate between two and three degrees above the average temperature of the city. The prime reason is its orientation that protects the area from cold winds. The gardens have views of the city's coastline and its commercial harbor. The gardens cannot be seen from the city even though it is just a ten-minute walk from the Columbus Monument, at the lower end of La Rambla.

Botany A total of 800 different types of cacti and succulent plants populate the gardens. The plants originate from all over the world, but mostly from African, American, and Australian desert areas.

Besides the gardens offer a wide variety of trees that are typical of the Mediterranean climates as well as other subtropical trees. One can find up to 12 different species of palm trees, olive and fig trees, and the like. Many of the subtropical trees are several hundred years old. Some special species the garden offers are:

Drago: a subtropical tree Pitas: a typical Mexican plant Xanthorrhoea: a native Australian plant Cereus jamacaru: a Brazilian cactus Aloe brevifolia: a cactus that originates in South Africa

Artistic elements The Mossén Costa i Llobera gardens displays many decorative and artistic elements. Among them is a pergola and many sculptures by Catalan artists, such as:

L'au dels temporals, el Pi de Formentor by Joaquim Ros i Bofarull, which pays tribute to Costa i Llobera's poem, The Pine of Formentor La Puntaire by Josep Viladomat, located on a mountain outcrop that serves as a stunning viewpoint A Joan Pañella by Meritxell Duran, dedicated to cactus enthusiast Joan Pañella

Climate Thanks to its convenient location at the foot of the Montjuïc Mountain and next to the sea, temperatures in the middle of the gardens average two or three degrees Celsius higher than those in the rest of the area. This microclimate protects the species that are contained within the gardens. It is also protected from the intense winds that often affect the area.

Visiting the park Access to the gardens is free of charge. The park has several entrances inside Montjuic. The main entrance is located between Carretera de Miramar and Paseo de Josep Carner. The parks opens at 10 a.m. until sunset.

See also Miquel Costa i Llobera Desert City Jardín de Cactus Parks and gardens of Barcelona

References

External links Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens - Barcelona City Council Official tourist information site (authorized by Barcelona city hall) 'El Pais' reports: Four million spent on restoration (Spanish) Miquel Costa i Llobera's Biography (English) Barcelona Travel Guide Barcelona Yellow Pages Oficial site of Barcelona's City Council (Spanish) Photographs of the Mossén Costa i Llobera Gardens

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens

In research: Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Botanical gardens in Spain, Cactus gardens, Landscape architecture, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens in simple terms?

Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens is a botanical garden in the center of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It is situated at the foot of Montjuïc facing the sea.

Why does Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens.