earth science

Mount Hakone

Mount Hakone is a earth science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Mount Hakone rather than just read about it. In short: Mount Hakone (箱根山, Hakoneyama), with its highest peak Mount Kami (1,438 meters), is a complex volcano in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan that is truncated by two overlapping calderas, the largest of which is 10 × 11 km wide. The calderas were formed as a result of two major explosive eruptions about 180,000 and 49,000–60,000 years ago.

Key takeaways

Mount Hakone belongs to earth science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Mount Hakone to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Mount Hakone from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Mount Hakone (箱根山, Hakoneyama), with its highest peak Mount Kami (1,438 meters), is a complex volcano in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan that is truncated by two overlapping calderas, the largest of which is 10 × 11 km wide. The calderas were formed as a result of two major explosive eruptions about 180,000 and 49,000–60,000 years ago. Lake Ashi lies between the southwestern caldera wall and a half dozen post-caldera lava domes that arose along a southwest–northeastern trend cutting through the center of the calderas. Dome growth occurred progressively to the south, and the largest and youngest of them, Mount Kami, forms the high point of Hakone. The calderas are breached to the east by the Haya River canyon. Mount Ashigara is a parasitic cone. The latest magmatic eruptive activity at Hakone occurred 2,900 years ago. It produced a pyroclastic flow and a lava dome in the explosion crater, although phreatic eruptions took place as recently as the 12–13th centuries AD. According to the nearby Hakone Shrine, the Komagatake peak has been the object of religious veneration since ancient times.

History The geological history of Mount Hakone, has been researched by Dr. Hisashi Kuno et al., with Mount Hakone, located in Hakone, Kanagawa, Japan, as a volcano from the Quaternary period. Mount Hakone started about 500,000 years ago with the eruptions, that created Mount Kintoki and Mount Myōjō on the current "Old outer rim"; and the subsequent eruptions about 160,000 years ago made the "New outer rim", on which are Mount Sengen and Mount Takanosu (Kanagawa). From 50,000 years ago, new eruptions further created in the "Central volcanic cones" Mount Kami (35.233333°N 139.020556°E / 35.233333; 139.020556), the highest peak in Hakone, Mount Koma and other peaks; and about 300,000 years ago, the lava domes such as Mount Futago (Hakone) emerged. Later about 3,000 years ago, the phreatic eruption on the northwest side of Mount Kami caused landslides, creating the Owakudani and, in the huge caldera, the Sengokuhara and Lake Ashi.

Gallery

See also List of volcanoes in Japan List of mountains in Japan History of Mount Hakone

References

External links

Hakoneyama - Japan Meteorological Agency (in Japanese) "Hakoneyama: National catalogue of the active volcanoes in Japan" (PDF). - Japan Meteorological Agency Hakone Volcano Group - Geological Survey of Japan Hakoneyama: Global Volcanism Program - Smithsonian Institution Hakone Geopark(in Japanese)

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Mount Hakone

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Mount Hakone claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In earth science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Mount Hakone before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Mount Hakone ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Mount Hakone

In research: Mount Hakone appears in earth science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Mount Hakone in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Mount Hakone is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Calderas of Honshū, Complex volcanoes, Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Mount Hakone outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Mount Hakone in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Mount Hakone means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Mount Hakone out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Mount Hakone in simple terms?

Why does Mount Hakone matter?

Because it connects several earth science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Mount Hakone?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Mount Hakone.