astronomy

Muhammad Ajmal

Muhammad Ajmal is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Muhammad Ajmal rather than just read about it. In short: Makhdum Muhammad Ajmal (7 September 1919, Ludhiana, India – 1994) was an academic psychologist who established the first university psychology department in Pakistan. The psychologist Muhammad Asir Ajmal, who later served as head of the psychology department in Government College University Lahore, is his son.

Key takeaways

Muhammad Ajmal belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Muhammad Ajmal to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Muhammad Ajmal from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Makhdum Muhammad Ajmal (7 September 1919, Ludhiana, India – 1994) was an academic psychologist who established the first university psychology department in Pakistan. The psychologist Muhammad Asir Ajmal, who later served as head of the psychology department in Government College University Lahore, is his son.

Early life and education Ajmal was the son of Masooda Begum Chishtie, from the scholarly Chishtie family of Lahore, and Khan Bahadur Makhdum Mohammad Afzal, district and sessions judge. He was a year younger than his elder sister, Sarwai Begum (later Mrs Sarwari Chishtie). After his parents separated, Ajmal lived with his mother in Koocha Chabak Sawaranin the walled city of Lahore. His mother was a teacher and later headmistress of Mission Girls High School, Rung Mahal, Lahore. After matriculation Ajmal joined Government College, Lahore, the premier educational institution. He married Syeda Akhtar Sultana (d. 1999).

Studying in United Kingdom In the early years he was posted to various far off places in (pre-independence) India, later taught at Campbellpur (now Attock) and then his alma mater, Government College, Lahore.He went to England to do his PhD in psychology, which he completed at University College, London. Amongst his supervisors & teachers were Professors Michael Fordham, J. C. Flugel and in particular, Gerhard Adler. He trained in Freudian and Jungian psychoanalysis, while working part-time for the BBC. His PhD thesis is titled 'Comparison of Jungian and Freudian Analysis'. He wrote numerous plays for the BBC Urdu service and interviewed the famous A. S. Neill of Summerhill School.

Establishing Psychology Department in Pakistan After returning from England, he was appointed lecturer in psychology in the department of Philosophy at Government College. Psychology was not recognised or established as a separate subject. He helped establish psychology in Pakistan, starting with the Government College Lahore. A separate psychology department was established and he became its first head and professor. He established the first counselling center in Pakistan, in his department and established the Lahore Mental Health Society. He was the driving force in establishing National Institute of Psychology, in Islamabad, which was posthumously named after him as Dr. Mohammad Ajmal National Institute of Psychology.

Role in psychological warfare He helped establish the psychological warfare department in the armed forces, was appointed full-time adviser/psychologist to the Bureau of National Reconstruction in the 1960s. In the 1970s he became Principal, Government College, something he dreamed of becoming just before his retirement, but was also appointed Director of Education and later became Vice chancellor, University of the Punjab, Lahore. In 1973, he became Secretary of Education, Pakistan. After retirement he was became a member of the FPSC (Federal Public Service Commission)to reform senior civil services in Pakistan and later appointed its acting chairman.

Legacy He established the Center of Excellence, The National Institute of Psychology at Quaid-i-Azam University. After his death the Government of Pakistan named it the "Dr. Ajmal National Institute of Psychology.

Books Tehlili Nafsiyaat (Analytical Psychology) Muqaalaat-i-Ajmal (edited by Sheema Majeed) Everyday Psychology Nishat-i-falsafa (Translation of "Pleasures of Philosophy" by Will Durant) Suqraat (Socrates).

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Muhammad Ajmal

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Muhammad Ajmal claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Muhammad Ajmal before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Muhammad Ajmal ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Muhammad Ajmal

In research: Muhammad Ajmal appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Muhammad Ajmal in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Muhammad Ajmal is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1919 births, 1994 deaths, 20th-century psychologists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Muhammad Ajmal outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Muhammad Ajmal in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Muhammad Ajmal means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Muhammad Ajmal out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Muhammad Ajmal in simple terms?

Why does Muhammad Ajmal matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Muhammad Ajmal?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Muhammad Ajmal.