chemistry

Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda

Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda is a chemistry topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda rather than just read about it. In short: Muhammad Qudrat-A-Khuda (1 December 1900 – 3 November 1977) was a Bangladeshi organic chemist, educationist and writer. He is most notable for publishing Qudrat-a-Khuda Education Commission Report in 1973 as a chairman of the National Education Commission of the newly independent country of Bangladesh.

Key takeaways

Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda belongs to chemistry; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Muhammad Qudrat-A-Khuda (1 December 1900 – 3 November 1977) was a Bangladeshi organic chemist, educationist and writer. He is most notable for publishing Qudrat-a-Khuda Education Commission Report in 1973 as a chairman of the National Education Commission of the newly independent country of Bangladesh. He founded the Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR).

Early life and education

Qudrat was born on 1 December 1900 to Syed Shah Sufi Khondokar Abdul Mukid and Syeda Fasia Khatun in Margram, Birbhum in the then Bengal Presidency, British India (in present-day West Bengal, India). Mukid was a graduate from the University of Calcutta and later became a religious leader. He was a follower of a pir in Taltala, Calcutta who named his son, Qudrat-A-Khuda. Qudrat received his early education in an Anglo-Oriental M.E. school (now Margram High School) established in 1881. In 1909/1910, he was sent to Calcutta to study. He passed the matriculation exam from Woodburn School (then a branch of Calcutta Madrasa and now Government Woodburn M. E. School) in 1918. He took admission to Presidency College, Calcutta where he was a student of Prafulla Chandra Ray who is considered the Father of Indian Chemistry. After his six years of study he earned his master's degree in chemistry in 1925. Failing to obtain a scholarship for higher studies from the University of Calcutta, he earned another one with the help of Sir Abdur Rahim. He then went to London University to work under the supervision of Jocelyn Field Thorpe. He was awarded with a Doctor of Science degree in 1929 for his work entitled "Stainless Configuration of Multiplanmet Ring" in the field of ring-chain tautomerism of carbohydrates.

Career

British India Returning from London, Qudrat joined Presidency College at the Department of Chemistry as a lecturer in 1931, later became a professor and then the head of the department in 1936. He then served as the principal of Islamia College (now Maulana Azad College) in Calcutta during 1942-1944. He rejoined Presidency College in 1946 as its principal. He was a fellow and a member of the senate of University of Calcutta.

Pakistan After the partition of India in 1947, Qudrat migrated to East Pakistan and served at the Department of Public Education of East Pakistan until 1949. He had opposed the enforcement of Urdu language in the public schools. He was the scientific advisor to the central government of Pakistan during 1950–1953 and represented the country in international scientific conferences. During 1953–1954, he was the chairman of the Board of Secondary Education of East Pakistan. Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (PCSIR) was founded in 1953. In January 1955, Qudrat took initiative to found East Regional Laboratories as a branch in the premises of Dhaka Polytechnic Institute (DPI) in Tejgaon, Dhaka. This laboratory later became Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research and headquartered at Dhanmondi, Dhaka, now colloquially known as Science Laboratory. He served as its director until 1966. Qudrat served as the president of Bangla Academy during 1964–1965. He was then the chairman of Central Board for the Development of Bengali until 1968. From 1969 till 1972, Qudrat served as the president of Pakistan Academy of Sciences. He was also a foundational fellow of the organization.

Bangladesh After the independence of Bangladesh in 1971, the newly established government of Bangladesh created an education commission on 26 July 1972. The commission visited India for a month. After analysing, combining, adding, synthesizing Qudrat's experience in public education, and many other opinions, the commission submitted a 450-page report to the then president Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on 8 June 1973. The report proposed to increase government spending on education to at least 25 percent, make primary education compulsory and free up to the eighth grade, introduce Bengali at all levels of education, give special importance to science and agricultural education, expand technical and engineering education, form a manpower commission, appoint the most qualified people as teachers and establish their salary structure at the highest level. In 1973, he was elected as the founder president of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences. He served as a visiting professor of chemistry at the University of Dhaka from 1975 until his death in Dhaka on 3 November 1977.

Awards Qudrat was awarded the top civilian awards from Pakistan – Tamgha-e-Pakistan and Sitara-e-Imtiaz and also from Bangladesh – Ekushey Padak in 1976 and Independence Day Award in 1984 (posthumously).

Memorials and eponyms

A 10 taka commemorative stamp and an envelope with the title "Renouned[sic] Scientist Dr. Muhammad Qudrat-I-Khuda" in 2021 Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda academic building at the University of Rajshahi. Dr. Muhammad Qudrat-i Khuda Fellowship at Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research since 1978. Dr. Qudrat-I-Khuda Road in front of BCSIR Laboratories in Dhanmondi, Dhaka. Oxford Internation School, Dhaka has an auditorium named after Dr. Qudrat-I-Khuda.

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In chemistry, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda

In research: Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda appears in chemistry research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1900s births, 1977 deaths, 20th-century chemists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda in simple terms?

Why does Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda matter?

Because it connects several chemistry ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda.