science

Multi-dimensional model of Maori identity and cultural engagement

Multi-dimensional model of Maori identity and cultural engagement is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Multi-dimensional model of Maori identity and cultural engagement rather than just read about it. In short: The multi-dimensional model of Māori identity and cultural engagement (MMM-ICE) is a self-report (Likert-type) questionnaire designed to assess and evaluate Māori identity in seven distinct dimensions of identity and cultural engagement in Māori populations: group-membership evaluation, socio-political consciousness, cultural efficacy and active identity engagement, spirituality, interdependent self-concept, authent…

Key takeaways

Multi-dimensional model of Maori identity and cultural engagement belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Multi-dimensional model of Maori identity and cultural engagement to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Multi-dimensional model of Maori identity and cultural engagement from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The multi-dimensional model of Māori identity and cultural engagement (MMM-ICE) is a self-report (Likert-type) questionnaire designed to assess and evaluate Māori identity in seven distinct dimensions of identity and cultural engagement in Māori populations: group-membership evaluation, socio-political consciousness, cultural efficacy and active identity engagement, spirituality, interdependent self-concept, authenticity of beliefs, and perceived appearance. The MMM-ICE is a quantitative index of identity that can be readily compared across independent studies of the Māori people. The index was developed by Drs Carla Houkamau and Chris Sibley in 2010; both of whom are senior lecturers at The University of Auckland. The scale was updated in 2014 as the MMM-ICE2 to incorporate the seventh measure of perceived appearance. The MMM-ICE2 aims to provide a culturally sensitive, valid, and reliable measure of Māori identity: "who" a person is as Māori, how they "fit in" with others socially, and what that means in terms of behaviour. The MMM-ICE is associated with the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study.

Dimensions

Group membership evaluation Group membership evaluation reflects the basic premise of social identity theory that individuals strive for favourable evaluations of their group. The more positively one's group is perceived, the greater the positive evaluations individuals can draw from when interpreting themselves. Having a negative sense of self as Māori has group members internalise the negative evaluations into their own self-concept. Since social identities are not only descriptive but also evaluative, the position of one's group within social hierarchy is viewed as central to the self-experience of individual members. Sample items in this dimension include:

I reckon being Māori is awesome. I love the fact that I am Māori. My Māori ancestry is important to me. I don't really care about following Māori culture. (reverse coded) I wish I could hide the fact that I am Māori from other people. (reverse coded) Being Māori is not important to who I am as a person. (reverse coded)

Socio-political consciousness Socio-political consciousness reflects how active an individual is in promoting and defending Māori rights given the context of the Treaty of Waitangi. Issues include support for (or lack thereof) a Māori political party, resource allocation and reparation for the Māori based on historical injustice, and issues relating to the symbolic representation of Māori culture. A high score on this scale reflects the belief that Māori individuals need to remain loyal to the group and stay politically unified. For example, individuals who score high on this scale are more supportive of the Māori Party (a political party in New Zealand that represents the Māori), and least supportive of the New Zealand National Party (the mainstream centre-right political party currently in power). A low score on this scale reflects the belief that Māori people should operate independently and that Māori–Pākehā (non-Māori New Zealanders) historical relations are irrelevant for understanding contemporary ways of "being" Māori. Those who score low on this scale will generally endorse the dominant ideological positions, political attitudes, and intergroup attitudes of white New Zealanders. Sample items include:

I stand up for Māori rights. It's important for Māori to stand together and be strong if we want to claim back the lands that were taken from us. All of us, both Māori and Pākehā, did bad things in the past – we should all just forget about it. (reverse coded) I'm sick of hearing about the Treaty of Waitangi and how Māori had their land stolen. (reverse coded) I think we should all just be New Zealanders and forget about differences between Māori and Pākehā. (reverse coded) What the European settlers did to Māori in the past has nothing to do with me personally. I wasn't there and I don't think it affects me at all. (reverse coded)

Cultural efficacy and active identity engagement Cultural efficacy and active identity engagement measures the extent to which the individual perceives they have the personal resources required to engage appropriately with other Māori in Māori social and cultural contexts. These personal resources include the ability to speak and understand Te Reo Māori, knowledge of Tikanga Māori and Marae etiquette, and the ability to articulate heritage confidently (e.g., recite whakapapa). A high score on this scale would reflect that an individual is comfortable and feels accepted when among other Māori or in situations which require the active expression of Māori traditional knowledge (such as participating in pōwhiri and tangihanga). Sample items include:

I know how to act the right way when I am on a marae. I'm comfortable doing Māori cultural stuff when I need to. I try to korero (speak) Māori whenever I can. I don't know how to act like a real Māori on a marae. (reverse coded) I can't do Māori culture or speak Māori. (reverse coded) I sometimes feel that I don't fit in with other Māori. (reverse coded)

Spirituality Spirituality measures engagement with, and belief in, certain Māori spiritual concepts. This relates primarily to feeling a strong connection with ancestors, Māori traditions, the sensation and experience of waahi tapu (sacred places), and a strong spiritual attachment and feeling of connectedness with the land. Sample items include:

I believe that Tupuna (ancient ancestors) can communicate with you if they want to. I believe that my Taha Wairua (my spiritual side) is an important part of my Māori identity. I can sense it when I am in a Tapu place. I can sometimes feel my Māori ancestors watching over me. I don't believe that Māori spiritual stuff. (reverse coded) I have never felt a spiritual connection with my ancestors. (reverse coded) I think Tapu is just a made-up thing. It can't really affect you. (reverse coded)

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Multi-dimensional model of Maori identity and cultural engagement

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Multi-dimensional model of Maori identity and cultural engagement claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Multi-dimensional model of Maori identity and cultural engagement before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Multi-dimensional model of Maori identity and cultural engagement ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Multi-dimensional model of Maori identity and cultural engagement

In research: Multi-dimensional model of Maori identity and cultural engagement appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Multi-dimensional model of Maori identity and cultural engagement in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Multi-dimensional model of Maori identity and cultural engagement is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Māori culture, Questionnaire construction, Research in New Zealand, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Multi-dimensional model of Maori identity and cultural engagement outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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Frequently asked questions

What is Multi-dimensional model of Maori identity and cultural engagement in simple terms?

Why does Multi-dimensional model of Maori identity and cultural engagement matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Multi-dimensional model of Maori identity and cultural engagement?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Multi-dimensional model of Maori identity and cultural engagement.