biology

Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2

Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 rather than just read about it. In short: Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the SLC47A2 gene. Function This gene encodes a protein belonging to a family of transporters involved in the excretion of toxic electrolytes, both endogenous and exogenous, through urine and bile.

Key takeaways

Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the SLC47A2 gene.

Function This gene encodes a protein belonging to a family of transporters involved in the excretion of toxic electrolytes, both endogenous and exogenous, through urine and bile. This transporter family shares homology with the bacterial MATE (multi antimicrobial extrusion protein or multidrug and toxic compound extrusion) protein family responsible for drug resistance. This gene is one of two members of the MATE transporter family located near each other on chromosome 17. Alternatively, spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene.

Discovery The multidrug efflux transporter NorM from V. parahaemolyticus, which mediates resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents (norfloxacin, kanamycin, ethidium bromide etc.), and its homologue from E. coli were identified in 1998. NorM seems to function as a drug/sodium antiporter, which is the first example of Na+-coupled multidrug efflux transporter discovered. NorM is a prototype of a new transporter family, and Brown et al. named it the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion family. The X-ray structure of the NorM was determined to be 3.65 Å, revealing an outward-facing conformation with two portals open to the outer leaflet of the membrane and a unique topology of the predicted 12 transmembrane helices distinct from any other known multidrug resistance transporter.

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2

In research: Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Genes on human chromosome 17, Human chromosome 17 gene stubs, Solute carrier family, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
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Frequently asked questions

What is Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 in simple terms?

Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the SLC47A2 gene. Function This gene encodes a protein belonging to a family of transporters involved in the excretion of toxic electrolytes, both endogenous and exogenous, through urine and bile.

Why does Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2.