biology

NAD(P)(+)—protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase

NAD(P)(+)—protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand NAD(P)(+)—protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase rather than just read about it. In short: In enzymology, a NAD(P)+-protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.31) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD+ + protein L-arginine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } nicotinamide + Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-protein-L-arginine NADP+ + protein L-arginine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } nicotinamide + Nomega-[(2'-phospho-ADP)-D-ribosyl]-protein-L-arg…

Key takeaways

NAD(P)(+)—protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect NAD(P)(+)—protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of NAD(P)(+)—protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

In enzymology, a NAD(P)+-protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.31) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NAD+ + protein L-arginine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } nicotinamide + Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-protein-L-arginine NADP+ + protein L-arginine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } nicotinamide + Nomega-[(2'-phospho-ADP)-D-ribosyl]-protein-L-arginine as well as the corresponding reaction using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NADP+ + protein L-arginine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } nicotinamide + Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-protein-L-arginine NADP+ + protein L-arginine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } nicotinamide + Nomega-[(2'-phospho-ADP)-D-ribosyl]-protein-L-arginine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are NAD+ (or NADP+) and protein L-arginine, whereas its two products are nicotinamide and Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-protein-L-arginine (or Nomega-[(2'-phospho-ADP)-D-ribosyl]-protein-L-arginine, respectively). This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is NAD(P)+:protein-L-arginine ADP-D-ribosyltransferase. Other names in common use include ADP-ribosyltransferase, mono(ADP-ribosyl)transferase, NAD+:L-arginine ADP-D-ribosyltransferase, NAD(P)+-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase, and NAD(P)+:L-arginine ADP-D-ribosyltransferase. At least five forms of the enzyme have been characterised to date, some of which are attached to the membrane via glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors, while others appear to be secreted. The enzymes contain ~250-300 residues, which encode putative signal sequences and carbohydrate attachment sites. In addition, the N- and C-termini are predominantly hydrophobic, a characteristic of GPI-anchored proteins.

Structural studies As of late 2007, 6 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes PDB: 1GXY, PDB: 1GXZ, PDB: 1GY0, PDB: 1OG1, PDB: 1OG3, and PDB: 1OG4.

References

Further reading Moss J, Stanley SJ, Oppenheimer NJ (1979). "Substrate specificity and partial purification of a stereospecific NAD- and guanidine-dependent ADP-ribosyltransferase from avian erythrocytes". J. Biol. Chem. 254 (18): 8891–4. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)86783-2. PMID 225315. Moss J, Stanley SJ, Watkins PA (1980). "Isolation and properties of an NAD- and guanidine-dependent ADP-ribosyltransferase from turkey erythrocytes". J. Biol. Chem. 255 (12): 5838–40. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)70705-4. PMID 6247348. Ueda K, Hayaishi O (1985). "ADP-ribosylation". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 54 (1): 73–100. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.54.070185.000445. PMID 3927821.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with NAD(P)(+)—protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what NAD(P)(+)—protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to NAD(P)(+)—protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about NAD(P)(+)—protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of NAD(P)(+)—protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase

In research: NAD(P)(+)—protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses NAD(P)(+)—protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: NAD(P)(+)—protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics EC 2.4.2, EC 2.4 stubs, Enzymes of known structure, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for NAD(P)(+)—protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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Frequently asked questions

What is NAD(P)(+)—protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase in simple terms?

In enzymology, a NAD(P)+-protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.31) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD+ + protein L-arginine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } nicotinamide + Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-protein-L-arginine NADP+ + p…

Why does NAD(P)(+)—protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study NAD(P)(+)—protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on NAD(P)(+)—protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase.