science

NASA Astronaut Group 11

NASA Astronaut Group 11 is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand NASA Astronaut Group 11 rather than just read about it. In short: NASA Astronaut Group 11 was a group of 13 NASA astronauts announced on 4 June 1985. Group members Pilots Michael A.

Key takeaways

NASA Astronaut Group 11 belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect NASA Astronaut Group 11 to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of NASA Astronaut Group 11 from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

NASA Astronaut Group 11 was a group of 13 NASA astronauts announced on 4 June 1985.

Group members

Pilots Michael A. Baker (born 1953), U.S. Navy (4 flights) STS-43 Atlantis — August 1991 — Pilot — Tracking and Data Relay Satellite deployment STS-52 Columbia — October/November 1992 — Pilot — LAGEOS-II deployment and operation of the U.S. Microgravity Payload-1 (USMP-1) STS-68 Endeavour — September/October 1994 — Commander — Radar imaging STS-81 Atlantis — January 1997 — Commander — fifth Shuttle-Mir mission Robert D. Cabana (born 1949), U.S. Marine Corps (4 flights) - NASA Associate Administrator (2021-2023) STS-41 Discovery — October 1990 — Pilot — Ulysses probe deployment STS-53 Discovery — December 1992 — Pilot — classified United States Department of Defense payload STS-65 Columbia — July 1994 — Commander — second International Microgravity Laboratory mission STS-88 Endeavour — December 1998 — Commander — first Space Shuttle mission to the ISS Brian Duffy (born 1953), U.S. Air Force (4 flights) STS-45 Atlantis — March/April 1992 — Pilot — Spacelab mission STS-57 Endeavour — June/July 1993 — Pilot — SPACEHAB mission STS-72 Endeavour — January 1996 — Commander — capture and return of Space Flyer Unit (SFU) STS-92 Discovery — October 2000 — Commander — ISS assembly flight and 100th mission of the Space Shuttle Terence T. Henricks (born 1952), U.S. Air Force (4 flights) STS-44 Atlantis — November/December 1991 — Pilot — Defense Support Program (DSP) satellite deployment STS-55 Columbia — April/May 1993 — Pilot — Spacelab mission STS-70 Discovery — July 1995 — Commander — Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) deployment STS-78 Columbia — June/July 1996 — Commander — Spacelab mission Stephen S. Oswald (born 1951), U.S. Navy (3 flights) STS-42 Discovery — January 1992 — Pilot — Spacelab mission STS-56 Discovery — April 1993 — Pilot — Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science-2 (ATLAS-2) operation STS-67 Endeavour — March 1995 — Commander — Spacelab mission Stephen Thorne (1953–1986), U.S. Navy Died in an airplane accident before he could finish astronaut training.

Mission specialists Jerome Apt (born 1949), Physicist (4 flights) STS-37 Atlantis — April 1991 — Mission Specialist — Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) deployment STS-47 Endeavour — September 1992 — Mission Specialist — Spacelab mission STS-59 Endeavour — April 1994 — Mission Specialist — Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C (SIR-C) operation STS-79 Atlantis — September 1996 — Mission Specialist — first shuttle mission to a fully completed Mir space station Charles D. Gemar (born 1955), U.S. Army (3 flights) STS-38 Atlantis — November 1990 — Mission Specialist — classified United States Department of Defense payload STS-48 Discovery — September 1991 — Mission Specialist — Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite deployment STS-62 Columbia — March 1994 — Mission Specialist — operation of the U.S. Microgravity Payload-2 (USMP-2) Linda M. Godwin (born 1952), Scientist (4 flights) - Former Assistant to the Director for Exploration, Flight Crew Operations Directorate at the Johnson Space Center STS-37 Atlantis — April 1991 — Mission Specialist — Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) deployment STS-59 Endeavour — April 1994 — Mission Specialist — Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C (SIR-C) operation STS-76 Atlantis — March 1996 — Mission Specialist — third Shuttle-Mir mission STS-108 Endeavour — December 2001 — Mission Specialist — ISS crew rotation mission Richard Hieb (born 1955), Engineer (3 flights) STS-39 Discovery — April/May 1991 — Mission Specialist — United States Department of Defense research mission STS-49 Endeavour — May 1992 — Mission Specialist — Maiden flight of Endeavour, Intelsat 603 capture and redeployment to a correct orbit, first and only (as of 2019) EVA involving three astronauts STS-65 Columbia — July 1994 — Mission Specialist — second International Microgravity Laboratory mission Tamara E. Jernigan (born 1959), Scientist (5 flights) STS-40 Columbia — June 1991 — Mission Specialist — fifth Spacelab mission and the first dedicated solely to biology STS-52 Columbia — October/November 1992 — Mission Specialist — LAGEOS-II deployment and operation of the U.S. Microgravity Payload-1 (USMP-1) STS-67 Endeavour — March 1995 — Mission Specialist — Spacelab mission STS-80 Columbia — November/December 1996 — Mission Specialist — Orbiting and Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer-Shuttle Pallet Satellite II (ORFEUS-SPAS II) and Wake Shield Facility-3 deployment, operation as free-floating satellites and recapture STS-96 Discovery — May/June 1999 — Mission Specialist — ISS assembly and logistics, first Space Shuttle flight to dock with the ISS Carl J. Meade (born 1950), U.S. Air Force (3 flights) STS-38 Atlantis — November 1990 — Mission Specialist — classified United States Department of Defense payload STS-50 Columbia — June/July 1992 — Mission Specialist — U.S. Microgravity Laboratory 1 Spacelab mission STS-64 Discovery — September 1994 — Mission Specialist — Lidar In-space Technology Experiment (LITE) operation and the last untethered U.S. extravehicular activity (EVA) during the Space Shuttle program Pierre J. Thuot (born 1955), U.S. Navy (3 flights) STS-36 Atlantis — February/March 1990 — Mission Specialist — classified United States Department of Defense payload STS-49 Endeavour — May 1992 — Mission Specialist — Maiden flight of Endeavour, Intelsat 603 capture and redeployment to a correct orbit, first and only (as of 2019) EVA involving three astronauts STS-62 Columbia — March 1994 — Mission Specialist — operation of the U.S. Microgravity Payload-2 (USMP-2)

See also List of astronauts by year of selection

References This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with NASA Astronaut Group 11

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what NASA Astronaut Group 11 claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to NASA Astronaut Group 11 before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about NASA Astronaut Group 11 ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of NASA Astronaut Group 11

In research: NASA Astronaut Group 11 appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses NASA Astronaut Group 11 in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: NASA Astronaut Group 11 is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1985 establishments in the United States, 1985 in spaceflight, Lists of astronauts, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for NASA Astronaut Group 11 outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study NASA Astronaut Group 11 in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what NASA Astronaut Group 11 means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain NASA Astronaut Group 11 out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is NASA Astronaut Group 11 in simple terms?

NASA Astronaut Group 11 was a group of 13 NASA astronauts announced on 4 June 1985. Group members Pilots Michael A.

Why does NASA Astronaut Group 11 matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study NASA Astronaut Group 11?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on NASA Astronaut Group 11.