science

NDV-HXP-S

NDV-HXP-S is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand NDV-HXP-S rather than just read about it. In short: NDV-HXP-S (known as ButanVac or ADAPTCOV in Brazil, COVIVAC in Vietnam, HXP-GPOVac in Thailand, Patria in Mexico) is a COVID-19 vaccine candidate developed under the leadership of Peter Palese, Adolfo García-Sastre, and Florian Krammer at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, in New York, United States. The name NDV-HXP-S comes from the terms Newcastle disease virus, HexaPro, and spike protein.

Key takeaways

NDV-HXP-S belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect NDV-HXP-S to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of NDV-HXP-S from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

NDV-HXP-S (known as ButanVac or ADAPTCOV in Brazil, COVIVAC in Vietnam, HXP-GPOVac in Thailand, Patria in Mexico) is a COVID-19 vaccine candidate developed under the leadership of Peter Palese, Adolfo García-Sastre, and Florian Krammer at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, in New York, United States. The name NDV-HXP-S comes from the terms Newcastle disease virus, HexaPro, and spike protein. The stabilization of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 (HexaPro) was achieved by Jason McLellan from the University of Texas at Austin.

Pharmacology NDV-HXP-S uses the Newcastle disease virus as its viral vector. The platform can be live or inactivated.

Manufacturing Unlike vaccines such as Moderna's mRNA-1273, the Janssen vaccine, and Pfizer–BioNTech's Tozinameran, which all require both specialized manufacturing facilities and also rare or expensive ingredients, NDV-HXP-S can be produced using chicken eggs in a fashion similar to influenza vaccine production, making it especially important to and for middle- and low-income countries. Those existing vaccines are based on the 2P spike, while NDV-HXP-S is further refined via the same process, resulting in a new spike called HexaPro; the 2P spike contained two prolines compared with HexaPro's six. It is also more resistant to heat and chemicals than the original 2P spike; the vaccine can be stored at 2–8 °C.

History

Development Its development was coordinated by the PATH Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, and UT Austin and ISMMS have arranged royalty-free licensing agreements with labs and corporations in 80 countries. McLellan has noted that "the share of vaccines ['low- and middle-income countries' have] received so far is terrible".

Clinical trials

As of December 2021, NDV-HXP-S is undergoing clinical trials in humans in at least four countries. In Brazil, on March 26, 2021, the Butantan Institute announced it would seek to begin clinical trials. Mexico-based Avimex plans to create an intranasal spray version of the vaccine. In Thailand the Government Pharmaceutical Organization is conducting a trial in coordination with Mahidol University. Reflecting the freedom offered by the ease of the manufacturing process, Thai health minister Anutin Charnvirakul referred to the vaccine as "produced by Thai people for Thai people". A phase II study has been completed in Vietnam, but the phase III study has been discontinued due to shortage of unvaccinated volunteers. The Butantan trials were discontinued at phase II in late 2023 due to lack of efficacy.

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with NDV-HXP-S

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what NDV-HXP-S claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to NDV-HXP-S before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about NDV-HXP-S ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of NDV-HXP-S

In research: NDV-HXP-S appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses NDV-HXP-S in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: NDV-HXP-S is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics American COVID-19 vaccines, Clinical trials related to COVID-19, Inactivated vaccines, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for NDV-HXP-S outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study NDV-HXP-S in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what NDV-HXP-S means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain NDV-HXP-S out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is NDV-HXP-S in simple terms?

Why does NDV-HXP-S matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study NDV-HXP-S?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on NDV-HXP-S.