astronomy

NGC 4411B

NGC 4411B is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand NGC 4411B rather than just read about it. In short: NGC 4411B (also known as UGC 7546) is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Virgo. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 1,610±24 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 77.4 ± 5.5 Mly (23.74 ± 1.70 Mpc).

Key takeaways

NGC 4411B belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect NGC 4411B to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of NGC 4411B from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

NGC 4411B (also known as UGC 7546) is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Virgo. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 1,610±24 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 77.4 ± 5.5 Mly (23.74 ± 1.70 Mpc). Two non-redshift measurements give a similar distance of 73.06 ± 18.26 Mly (22.400 ± 5.600 Mpc). It was discovered by French astronomer Guillaume Bigourdan on 25 April 1895. There was a longstanding confusion of identification between this galaxy and the neighboring spiral galaxy NGC 4411. Therefore, this galaxy, despite its common name, was not a part of the original New General Catalogue. NGC 4411B and NGC 4411 form a pair of galaxies, referred to as KPG 336. Both galaxies are members of the Virgo Cluster. NGC 4411B is a Seyfert II Galaxy, i.e. it has a quasar-like nucleus with very high surface brightnesses whose spectra reveal strong, high-ionisation emission lines, but unlike quasars, the host galaxy is clearly detectable.

Supernovae Two supernovae have been observed in NGC 4411B.

SN 1992ad (Type II, mag. 13.5) was discovered by Robert Evans on 1 July 1992. SN 2021smj (Type Ia, mag. 17.025) was discovered by ATLAS on 8 July 2021.

See also List of NGC objects (4001–5000)

References

External links NGC 4411B on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with NGC 4411B

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what NGC 4411B claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to NGC 4411B before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about NGC 4411B ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of NGC 4411B

In research: NGC 4411B appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses NGC 4411B in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: NGC 4411B is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Astronomical objects discovered in 1895, Barred spiral galaxies, Discoveries by Guillaume Bigourdan, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for NGC 4411B outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study NGC 4411B in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what NGC 4411B means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain NGC 4411B out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is NGC 4411B in simple terms?

Why does NGC 4411B matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study NGC 4411B?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on NGC 4411B.