astronomy

NGC 7013

NGC 7013 is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand NGC 7013 rather than just read about it. In short: NGC 7013 is a relatively nearby spiral or lenticular galaxy estimated to be around 37 to 41.4 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Cygnus. NGC 7013 was discovered by English astronomer William Herschel on July 17, 1784 and was also observed by his son, astronomer John Herschel on September 15, 1828.

Key takeaways

NGC 7013 belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect NGC 7013 to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of NGC 7013 from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

NGC 7013 is a relatively nearby spiral or lenticular galaxy estimated to be around 37 to 41.4 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Cygnus. NGC 7013 was discovered by English astronomer William Herschel on July 17, 1784 and was also observed by his son, astronomer John Herschel on September 15, 1828.

Physical characteristics NGC 7013 is tilted 90° to the Earth's line of sight, allowing its structure to be seen. However, NGC 7013 is classified as either as a spiral galaxy with tightly wound arms or as a lenticular galaxy. NGC 7013 is also considered part of a class of galactic nuclei that is defined by their spectral line emissions, called low-ionization nuclear emission-line region galaxies or LINERs. The galaxy appears to have two rings in its structure. The inner ring appears to completely disconnect from the central bulge while the stars in the outer ring appear to have very little spiral pattern. Optical images of NGC 7013 show that it has a small bulge with a bright inner ring and a faint disk both crossed by dust lanes. A longer exposure of the galaxy made by the Palomar Observatory-National Geographic Sky Survey shows an extended disk around the bulge and the inner ring. The disk shows little structure except for a faint, thin spiral-like feature running through the galaxy.

HI distribution The neutral atomic hydrogen distribution in NGC 7013 is mostly located in the two rings. In between the two rings there is a very low concentration of interstellar medium. The low level of neutral atomic hydrogen in the disk of NGC 7013 and the reddish color of the galaxy suggests that the gas content of the galactic disc has fallen below the threshold at which star formation is likely to take place. The small bulge-to-disk ratio and the slow rotation velocity show that NGC 7013 is a low-mass, low-density galaxy unlike the more luminous, typical lenticular galaxies. The galaxy may thus be a former late-type spiral galaxy which have exhausted most of its interstellar gas, either by star formation or by internal sweeping.

Gallery

See also Black Eye Galaxy NGC 4414 List of NGC objects (7001–7840) NGC 7020

References

External links

NGC 7013 on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images Simbad NGC/IC Project Restoration Effort Archived 2018-08-29 at the Wayback Machine

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with NGC 7013

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what NGC 7013 claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to NGC 7013 before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about NGC 7013 ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of NGC 7013

In research: NGC 7013 appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses NGC 7013 in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: NGC 7013 is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Astronomical objects discovered in 1784, Cygnus (constellation), LINER galaxies, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for NGC 7013 outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study NGC 7013 in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what NGC 7013 means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain NGC 7013 out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is NGC 7013 in simple terms?

Why does NGC 7013 matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study NGC 7013?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on NGC 7013.