computer science

NORMA (software modeling tool)

NORMA (software modeling tool) is a computer science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand NORMA (software modeling tool) rather than just read about it. In short: NORMA (Natural ORM Architect for Visual Studio) is a conceptual modeling tool that implements the object-role modeling (ORM) method. The NORMA tool is named after Dr.Terry Halpin's wife Norma Halpin (Terry Halpin, 11am, March 4, 2019) NORMA is a free and open source plug-in to Microsoft Visual Studio 2005, Visual Studio 2008, Visual Studio 2010, Visual Studio 2012, Visual Studio 2013, Visual Studio 2015, Visual Stud…

Key takeaways

NORMA (software modeling tool) belongs to computer science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect NORMA (software modeling tool) to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of NORMA (software modeling tool) from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

NORMA (Natural ORM Architect for Visual Studio) is a conceptual modeling tool that implements the object-role modeling (ORM) method. The NORMA tool is named after Dr.Terry Halpin's wife Norma Halpin (Terry Halpin, 11am, March 4, 2019) NORMA is a free and open source plug-in to Microsoft Visual Studio 2005, Visual Studio 2008, Visual Studio 2010, Visual Studio 2012, Visual Studio 2013, Visual Studio 2015, Visual Studio 2017 and Visual Studio 2019. NORMA supports ORM2 (second generation ORM), and can map object-role models to implementation targets, such as database engines, object-oriented code, and XML schema. Dr. Terry Halpin's 2008 book, Information Modeling and Relational Databases: From Conceptual Analysis to Logical Design "...explains the ORM2 notation, as supported by the NORMA (Neumont ORM Architect) tool..." (page 10), and "(...)At the time of writing, the NORMA tool provides the most complete support for the ORM2 notation discussed in this book." (Preface, xxv). He also states: "A modeling method as good as ORM deserves a good CASE tool. Since the early 1990s, talented staff at ServerWare, Asymetrix Corporation, InfoModelers Incorporated, Visio Corporation, Microsoft Corporation, Neumont University worked to develop state of the art CASE tools to support the specific ORM method discussed in this book." (Preface, xxvi)

ORM2 ORM2 contains improvements to the original ORM1 specification. ORM2 is implemented in NORMA. Dr. Terry Halpin led the original NORMA effort whilst serving as a Professor at Neumont University and from 2007, continued via The ORM Foundation, a UK-based non-profit organization dedicated to the promotion of the fact-based approach to information modeling ORM2 is defined in an ORM2 metamodel that was created by using the NORMA tool. NORMA is an open source project. As at 3 March 2019, NORMA for Visual Studio 2017 includes fixes for 38 bugs that were found in the 2015 versions. The remaining issues are being handled within the NORMA Plus JIRA project that you can read about here. https://ormfoundation.atlassian.net/secure/Dashboard.jspa. Ken Evans 10:58, 3 March 2019 (UTC) This link shows the current list of unresolved issues in NORMA. https://ormfoundation.atlassian.net/issues/?jql=issuetype%20%3D%20Bug%20AND%20status%20in%20(%22In%20Progress%22%2C%20%22To%20Do%22) The main objectives for the ORM2 graphical notation are:

More compact display of object-role models without compromising clarity Improved internationalization (e.g. avoid English language symbols) Simplified drawing rules to facilitate creation of a graphical editor Full support of textual annotations (e.g. footnoting of textual rules) Use of views for selectively displaying/suppressing detail Support for new features

Project In September 2016, the "NORMA Plus" JIRA project was established to document the code and to resolve current issues.[1].Ken Evans 14:37, 18 July 2017 (UTC) As at 3 March 2019, the NORMA Plus project has resolved 38 of the bugs were found in the 2015 version of NORMA. Ken Evans 10:53, 3 March 2019 (UTC) Official CTPs are available at the ORM Foundation Library.

Generation targets

References

Further reading Halpin, Terry; Morgan, Tony (March 2008), Information Modeling and Relational Databases: From Conceptual Analysis to Logical Design (2nd ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, ISBN 978-0123735683

External links The ORM Foundation

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with NORMA (software modeling tool)

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what NORMA (software modeling tool) claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In computer science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to NORMA (software modeling tool) before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about NORMA (software modeling tool) ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of NORMA (software modeling tool)

In research: NORMA (software modeling tool) appears in computer science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses NORMA (software modeling tool) in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: NORMA (software modeling tool) is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Data modeling, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for NORMA (software modeling tool) outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study NORMA (software modeling tool) in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what NORMA (software modeling tool) means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain NORMA (software modeling tool) out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is NORMA (software modeling tool) in simple terms?

Why does NORMA (software modeling tool) matter?

Because it connects several computer science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study NORMA (software modeling tool)?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on NORMA (software modeling tool).