science

NanoIntegris

NanoIntegris is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand NanoIntegris rather than just read about it. In short: NanoIntegris is a nanotechnology company based in Boisbriand, Quebec specializing in the production of enriched, single-walled carbon nanotubes. In 2012, NanoIntegris was acquired by Raymor Industries, a large-scale producer of single-wall carbon nanotubes using the plasma torch process.

Key takeaways

NanoIntegris belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect NanoIntegris to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of NanoIntegris from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

NanoIntegris is a nanotechnology company based in Boisbriand, Quebec specializing in the production of enriched, single-walled carbon nanotubes. In 2012, NanoIntegris was acquired by Raymor Industries, a large-scale producer of single-wall carbon nanotubes using the plasma torch process. The proprietary technology through which NanoIntegris creates its products spun out of the Hersam Research Group at Northwestern University.

Process The process through which these technologies emerged is called density gradient ultracentrifugation (DGU). DGU has been used for some time in biological and medical applications but Dr. Mark Hersam utilized this process with carbon nanotubes which allowed for those nanotubes with semi-conductive properties to be separated from those with conductive properties. While the DGU method was the first one to convincingly produce high-purity semiconducting carbon nanotubes, the rotation speeds involved limit the amount of liquid, and thus nanotubes, that can be processed with this technology. NanoIntegris has recently licensed a new process using selective wrapping of semiconducting nanotubes with conjugated polymers. This method is scalable thus enabling the supply of this material in large quantities for commercial applications.

Products

Semiconducting SWCNT Enriched Semiconducting carbon nanotubes (sc-SWCNT) using either a density-gradient ultracentrifugation (DGU) or a polymer-wrapping (conjugated polymer extraction(CPE)) method. While the DGU method is used to disperse and enrich sc-SWCNT in an aqueous solution, the CPE method disperses and enriches sc-SWCNT in non-polar aromatic solvents

Conducting SWCNT Enriched Conducting carbon nanotubes

PlasmaTubes SWCNT Highly graphitized single-wall carbon nanotubes grown using an industrial-scale plasma torch. Nanotubes are grown using a plasma torch display diameters, lengths, and purity levels comparable to the arc and laser methods. The nanotubes measure between 1 and 1.5 nm in diameter and between 0.3-5 microns in length.

Pure and SuperPureTubes SWCNT Highly purified carbon nanotubes. Carbon impurities and metal catalysts impurities below 3% and 1.5% respectively.

PureSheets/Graphene 1-4+ layer graphene sheets obtained by liquid exfoliation of graphite

HiPco SWCNT Small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes

Applications Field-Effect Transistors Both Wang and Engel have found that NanoIntegris separated nanotubes "hold great potential for thin-film transistors and display applications" compared to standard carbon nanotubes. More recently, nanotube-based thin film transistors have been printed using inkjet or gravure methods on a variety of flexible substrates including polyimide and polyethylene (PET) and transparent substrates such as glass. These p-type thin film transistors reliably exhibit high-mobilities (> 10 cm^2/V/s) and ON/OFF ratios (> 10^3) and threshold voltages below 5 V. Nanotube-enabled thin-film transistors thus offer high mobility and current density, low power consumption as well as environmental stability and especially mechanical flexibility. Hysterisis in the current-voltage curves as well as variability in the threshold voltage are issues that remain to be solved on the way to nanotube-enabled OTFT backplanes for flexible displays. Transparent Conductors Additionally, the ability to distinguish semiconducting from conducting nanotubes was found to have an effect on conductive films. Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) can be made on a larger scale and at a lower cost using separated carbon nanotubes. High Frequency Devices By using high-purity, semiconducting nanotubes, scientists have been able to achieve "record...operating frequencies above 80 GHz."

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with NanoIntegris

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what NanoIntegris claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to NanoIntegris before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about NanoIntegris ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of NanoIntegris

In research: NanoIntegris appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses NanoIntegris in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: NanoIntegris is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 2007 establishments in Quebec, 2012 mergers and acquisitions, Boisbriand, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for NanoIntegris outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study NanoIntegris in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what NanoIntegris means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain NanoIntegris out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is NanoIntegris in simple terms?

Why does NanoIntegris matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study NanoIntegris?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on NanoIntegris.