science

Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars

Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars rather than just read about it. In short: Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars, in the years 1712, 13, 14, and 15 is a record of the travel to Kalmykia, written by Tulišen, a Manchu official who lived in the Qing dynasty. The book was written in both Manchu and Chinese.

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Reference excerpt

Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars, in the years 1712, 13, 14, and 15 is a record of the travel to Kalmykia, written by Tulišen, a Manchu official who lived in the Qing dynasty. The book was written in both Manchu and Chinese. The title is:

in Manchu: Lakcaha jecen-de takūraha babe ejehe bithe (The book of the account of the process of having been to a distant region as an ambassador) in Chinese: Yiyulu (Chinese: 異域錄; pinyin: Yìyùlù, ‘Record of foreign regions’) The English title is Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars, in the years 1712, 13, 14, and 15, by the Chinese Ambassador, and published by the Emperor's Authority, at Peking. This is from Sir George Thomas Staunton's translation in 1821. Although the Chinese version is more popular, the Manchu version offers higher quality information. In 1712, Kangxi Emperor sent Tulišen and other emissaries to the Kalmyk Khanate to convey an imperial edict to Ayuka Khan of the Torghuts. They left Beijing, crossed Mongolia and then entered Russia. In order to avoid Dzungaria, they travelled through the Russian Empire to Saratov and entered into Ayuki's Torghut state (Turgūt gurun in Manchu). Having accomplished the mission, they returned to Beijing in 1715. Tulišen reported to the Emperor in both Manchu and Chinese. With the Emperor's permission, he published the book by editing these reports and private notes. The formal purpose of this mission was to negotiate over the return of Ayuki's nephew Arabjur to Kalmykia. As a Buddhist, he made a pilgrimage to Tibet but was unable to return to Kalmykia because of the Dzungars' obstruction. Another purpose was to reconnoiter expanding Russia. In fact, the book is mostly devoted to the description of Russia. Some Russians suspected that the emissaries secretly encouraged the Torghuud to return to their homeland as Ayuki's great-grandson Ubashi did later. In Tulisen's Manchu language record, it was mentioned that while the Torghuts were unlike the Russians, the "people of the Central Kingdom" (dulimba-i gurun 中國, Zhongguo) were like the Torghut Mongols, and the "people of the Central Kingdom" referred to the Manchus.

Text Manchu

滿文本 Chinese

異域錄·卷上異域錄·卷下 English

Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars, in the Years 1712, 13, 14, & 15. 士丹頓譯。倫敦：John Murray出版社，1821年。

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars

In research: Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1821 books, Asian history book stubs, Books about Russia, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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Frequently asked questions

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Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

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