ArticleslgStudy

astronomy

National Capital FreeNet

National Capital FreeNet is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand National Capital FreeNet rather than just read about it. In short: National Capital FreeNet (NCF) (French: Libertel de la Capitale Nationale), is a non-profit community organization Internet service provider, with the goal of linking people in Canada's capital of Ottawa, ensuring no Ottawa citizens would be excluded from Internet access. Founded in September 1992 with the active participation of volunteers, Carleton University, and private industry (which donated communications equ…

National Capital FreeNet — main illustration
National Capital FreeNet — illustration

Key takeaways

  • National Capital FreeNet belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
  • Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
  • Connect National Capital FreeNet to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
  • Reproduce the core statement of National Capital FreeNet from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

National Capital FreeNet (NCF) (French: Libertel de la Capitale Nationale), is a non-profit community organization Internet service provider, with the goal of linking people in Canada's capital of Ottawa, ensuring no Ottawa citizens would be excluded from Internet access. Founded in September 1992 with the active participation of volunteers, Carleton University, and private industry (which donated communications equipment), NCF was one of the first free-nets set up worldwide and was patterned after the Cleveland Free-Net that had been established at Case Western Reserve University in 1984. Within a year of its establishment NCF had over 10,000 members. NCF offers broadband (DSL) and dial-up service to people in the national capital region; in early 2012, over 4,000 members used its dial-up service.

The National Capital FreeNet is a free, computer-based information sharing network. It links the people and organizations of this region, provides useful information, and enables an open exchange of ideas with the world. Community involvement makes FreeNet an important and accessible meeting place, and prepares people for full participation in a rapidly changing communications environment."

History In many ways the history of NCF parallels that of the Internet itself. In the early 1990s NCF was one of the region's only Internet service providers and members flocked to it to take advantage of the new technology. Due to its volunteer and donation-based model the organization failed to keep up with the rapid technological changes that occurred in the 1995–2000 period and lost most of its membership to commercial ISPs as a result. Later it floundered trying to make ends meet and finally established itself in the niche market of providing services to disadvantaged segments of the community. NCF board member Jim Elder summarized NCF's early history: "NCF surfed the wave of Internet success in the first-half of the 1990s, but lost the wave in 1995 and then tread water." NCF regained some of its 'mojo' in the early 2000s, when funding from Industry Canada's SmartCapital program and several partners helped NCF modernize its back office system and web pages, bringing NCF firmly into the web era." The early days of this free-net featured dial-up service and web access using the Lynx browser. Members typically used the system to access Usenet, telnet, e-mail and Gopher. As the web became popular many new Internet users became NCF members before they went to a PPP provider for graphic access to the web. As the web evolved NCF began offering dial up PPP access.

1990s

1991 National Capital FreeNet was started at a luncheon held in October 1991. Jay Weston of the Carleton University Department of Mass Communications and George Frajkor of the School of Journalism and Television Programming invited Dave Sutherland, the director of the university's Computing and Communication Services Department, to have lunch and discuss the concept of establishing a free-net based on the concept of the Cleveland Free-Net. A committee independent of the university was formed under Sutherland's leadership and started meeting weekly that same month to lay the groundwork for the free-net. A decision was made to make the endeavour community-based and not part of the university, an approach supported by the university president.

1992 In the summer of 1992, the free-net was activated as a pilot project, using university computer resources that were underutilized over the summer. With help from Industry Canada, Sun Microsystems was persuaded to donate a computer and Gandalf Technologies provided the first modems. In September, the Ottawa Citizen carried a front-page article by Dominic Lacasse, describing the new pilot free-net project. The article included the dial-in phone number and, as a result, twenty people per day started signing up as members.

The first NCF board meeting was held on 10 December 1992 with Sutherland as chairman. At that point the organization had a total of 4 dial-up lines, a custom logo designed by a graphic artist and Cdn$2120. The start-up funding was made up of Cdn$1000 from City of Ottawa Community Health, Cdn$1000 from the Carleton School Board, a private donation of Cdn$50, and Cdn$70 in cash on hand. The board indicated that the "correct spelling for FreeNet was confirmed at this time as " FreeNet ", with both the "F" and "N" capitalized."

1993 National Capital FreeNet had its official public launch on 1 February 1993. In April 1993, Julie Chahal, head of the NCF's Public Access Committee presented a public access policy that was accepted by the board. This policy set free public access as a priority for the organization:

Public access terminals are a key element to meeting the National Capital FreeNet's objective to meet the present information needs of the people and public agencies in the region, and to prepare the community for full and broadly based participation in rapidly changing communication environments. They ensure that the Freenet is available to anyone interested, including those who may not own a home computer with a modem. - Julie Chahal By April 1993, NCF had reached the limit of their first server in offering 58 dial-up phone lines and started upgrading to faster 14.4 kbps modems. In the summer of 1993, the organization's application for charitable status was turned down by Revenue Canada, as was the application of another early freenet in Victoria, BC. NCF spent much of the year in fundraising activities to meet its mandate in the face of rapidly rising demands for service and the need to purchase new hardware on an ongoing basis. The organization hired its first Office Manager, Kyla Huckerby and committed to hiring a System Administrator as well. Late in the year Ian Allen was hired as NCF's first System Manager, reporting to the board. By the end of the year, NCF had over 11,000 members.

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Illustrations

National Capital FreeNet: An NCF sign emphasizing the low cost focus of the organization
An NCF sign emphasizing the low cost focus of the organization
National Capital FreeNet: National Capital Freenet system administrator (1998-present) Andre Dalle
National Capital Freenet system administrator (1998-present) Andre Dalle
National Capital FreeNet: National Capital Freenet Executive Director (2002-2008) John Selwyn speaks at the Net Neutrality Rally, Parliament Hill, Ottawa, Ontario, 27 May 2008.
National Capital Freenet Executive Director (2002-2008) John Selwyn speaks at the Net Neutrality Rally, Parliament Hill, Ottawa, Ontario, 27 May 2008.
National Capital FreeNet: National Capital FreeNet DSL technicians Daniel Brousseau (left, blue shirt) and Anna (right) at the Net Neutrality Rally, Ottawa, 27 May 2008
National Capital FreeNet DSL technicians Daniel Brousseau (left, blue shirt) and Anna (right) at the Net Neutrality Rally, Ottawa, 27 May 2008
National Capital FreeNet: The National Capital Freenet offices were located in the Trailhead building, Suite 302, 1960 Scott Street, Ottawa, Ontario between 2002-2013.
The National Capital Freenet offices were located in the Trailhead building, Suite 302, 1960 Scott Street, Ottawa, Ontario between 2002-2013.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with National Capital FreeNet

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what National Capital FreeNet claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to National Capital FreeNet before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about National Capital FreeNet ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of National Capital FreeNet

In research
National Capital FreeNet appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry
Engineering practice reuses National Capital FreeNet in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom
National Capital FreeNet is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1992 establishments in Ontario, Bulletin board systems, Carleton University, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life
Look for National Capital FreeNet outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study National Capital FreeNet in 20 minutes

  1. Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
  2. Close the page and write down what National Capital FreeNet means in your own words.
  3. Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
  4. Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
  5. Explain National Capital FreeNet out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is National Capital FreeNet in simple terms?

National Capital FreeNet (NCF) (French: Libertel de la Capitale Nationale), is a non-profit community organization Internet service provider, with the goal of linking people in Canada's capital of Ottawa, ensuring no Ottawa citizens would be excluded from Internet access. Founded in September 1992…

Why does National Capital FreeNet matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study National Capital FreeNet?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on National Capital FreeNet.

Tags

  • 1992 establishments in Ontario
  • Bulletin board systems
  • Carleton University
  • Community networks
  • History of the Internet
  • Internet service providers of Canada
  • Non-profit organizations based in Ottawa

Keep exploring