astronomy

National Graphene Institute

National Graphene Institute is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand National Graphene Institute rather than just read about it. In short: The National Graphene Institute is a research institute and building at the University of Manchester, England, that is focused on the research of graphene. Construction of the building to house the institute started in 2013 and finished in 2015.

Key takeaways

National Graphene Institute belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect National Graphene Institute to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of National Graphene Institute from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The National Graphene Institute is a research institute and building at the University of Manchester, England, that is focused on the research of graphene. Construction of the building to house the institute started in 2013 and finished in 2015.

Institute The creation of the institute, including the construction of the building, cost £61 million. Funded by the UK Government (£38 million) and the European Union's European Regional Development Fund (£23 million), the building is the national centre for graphene research in the UK. It provides facilities for industry and university academics to collaborate on graphene applications and the commercialisation of graphene. The building was opened on 20 March 2015 by the Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne.

Building The five-storey glass-fronted building provides 7,600 m2 (82,000 sq ft) of research space. This includes 1,500 m2 (16,000 sq ft) of class 100 and class 1000 clean rooms, one of which occupies the entire lower ground floor (in order to minimise vibrations) plus laser, optical, metrology and chemical laboratories, along with offices, a seminar room and accommodation. The top floor also includes a roof terrace, which has 21 different grasses and wildflowers designed to attract urban bees and other species of pollinators. The outside of the building consists of a composite cladding, with an external stainless steel 'veil'. The building faces on to Booth Street East. Construction started in March 2013, with the building being completed in 2015. The building was designed by Jestico + Whiles in close collaboration with a team of academics led by Prof Sir Konstantin Novoselov. It cost around £30 million, and was constructed by BAM Nuttall. The structural design was produced by Ramboll. Other shortlisted organisations were: Lendlease, Balfour Beatty (M&E Installation)Morgan Sindall, Vinci, and M&W Group. The design work was led by EC Harris, along with CH2M who provided specialist technical architecture design services for the cleanrooms and laboratories, together with Mechanical, Electrical and Process (MEP) consultant services.

History of the location The institute was constructed on the former site of the Albert Club, which was a Victorian club that was located between Lawson Street and Clifford Street. The club was established for the middle class German community that were involved in Manchester's cotton trade, and Friedrich Engels frequented it during his time in the city, becoming a member in 1842. The club was located on Clifford Street from 1842 prior to its relocation in 1859. The building was constructed by the architect Jeptha Pacey as his personal house, and it was fronted by formal gardens. It was later converted into a private social club, which was named after Albert, Prince Consort. In 1859 it was rebuilt by William Potter as one of England's first Victorian Turkish baths, remaining open until 1868 when it was used as an extension to the Manchester Southern Hospital for Women and Children. The building was demolished in the 1960s, and the site was used for the construction of the Lamb Building. The excavations that took place in February 2013 by Oxford Archaeology North, prior to the construction of the institute, uncovered the remnants of the club building along with a row of five cellars belonging to 1830s terraced housing. A sink removed from the site has been incorporated into the institute's new building.The stone sink was plumbed in with both cold feed supply and waste pipework by A .Armstrong of Balfour Beatty who completed both the mechanical and Electrical installations throughout the new build of NGI As the main clean room of the new building is now located 3 m (9.8 ft) below ground level, the remains of the Albert Club were not conserved.

Gallery

References

External links

The University of Manchester's webpage on the National Graphene Institute

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with National Graphene Institute

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what National Graphene Institute claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to National Graphene Institute before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about National Graphene Institute ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of National Graphene Institute

In research: National Graphene Institute appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses National Graphene Institute in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: National Graphene Institute is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Buildings at the University of Manchester, Graphene, Nanotechnology institutions, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for National Graphene Institute outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study National Graphene Institute in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what National Graphene Institute means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain National Graphene Institute out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is National Graphene Institute in simple terms?

Why does National Graphene Institute matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study National Graphene Institute?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on National Graphene Institute.