science

Nelumbo aureavallis

Nelumbo aureavallis is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Nelumbo aureavallis rather than just read about it. In short: Nelumbo aureavallis is an extinct species of flowering plants in the lotus family known from Ypresian age Eocene fossils found in western North Dakota, USA. The species was described from two leaf specimens with reference to four others.

Key takeaways

Nelumbo aureavallis belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Nelumbo aureavallis to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Nelumbo aureavallis from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Nelumbo aureavallis is an extinct species of flowering plants in the lotus family known from Ypresian age Eocene fossils found in western North Dakota, USA. The species was described from two leaf specimens with reference to four others. The leaves were found at the AMNH fossil localities 14088, 14089, 14091a and 14099, all of which are in the Camels Butte member of the Golden Valley Formation. The Camels Butte member outcrops at a number of sites in western North Dakota, and is designated as the type locality. The holotype specimen, number USNM 43231, and paratype, number "USNM 43229, are both preserved in the National Museum of Natural History collections of the Smithsonian Institution. The pair of specimens were studied by paleobotanist Leo J. Hickey of the Yale University Geology Department. Dr Hickey published the 1977 type description for N. aureavallis in the Geological Society of America memoir 150, Stratigraphy and Paleobotany of the Golden Valley Formation (Early Tertiary) of Western North Dakota. In the type description the etymology for the specific name aureavallis, "of Golden Valley" was not explicitly specified. Dr Hickey noted the extreme similarity between modern Nelumbo species leaves and those of N. aureavallis. The leaves of Nelumbo aureavallis are up to 40 millimetres (1.6 in) in diameter with a smooth, slightly wavy margin. The leaf stalk attached to the leaf in the center, from which between thirty-five and forty thick primary veins extend towards the margin. Each of the primary veins branches from one to three times. The secondary veins form a transverse pattern and this, combined with the large number of primaries, distinguish N. aureavallis from extinct Nymphaeaceae genera and warrant its inclusion in Nelumbo. Preserved with, but not attached to the holoype leaf, is a flower bud which is very similar to modern lotus flowers. While not attached, the close proximity to the leaf and the noted similarity allowed for the tentative inclusion of the 2.2 by 1.2 centimetres (0.87 by 0.47 in) bud in N. aureavallis.

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Nelumbo aureavallis

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Nelumbo aureavallis claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Nelumbo aureavallis before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Nelumbo aureavallis ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Nelumbo aureavallis

In research: Nelumbo aureavallis appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Nelumbo aureavallis in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Nelumbo aureavallis is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Eocene plants, Extinct flora of North America, Fossil taxa described in 1977, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Nelumbo aureavallis outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Nelumbo aureavallis in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Nelumbo aureavallis means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Nelumbo aureavallis out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Nelumbo aureavallis in simple terms?

Why does Nelumbo aureavallis matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Nelumbo aureavallis?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Nelumbo aureavallis.